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citations
Cited by 969 publications
(443 citation statements)
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References 54 publications
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“…The adverse effects observed on alfalfa and other plants have important implications in agricultural systems where livestock manure, wastewater or treated sewage sludge which might contain some of the commonly used antibiotic agents are applied to agricultural fields (Kümmerer, 2001). Therapeutic agents might convey antibiotics from the soil into the food chain of human beings due to the uptake and bioaccumulation of these agents by plants grown in the antibiotic-contaminated soils.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The adverse effects observed on alfalfa and other plants have important implications in agricultural systems where livestock manure, wastewater or treated sewage sludge which might contain some of the commonly used antibiotic agents are applied to agricultural fields (Kümmerer, 2001). Therapeutic agents might convey antibiotics from the soil into the food chain of human beings due to the uptake and bioaccumulation of these agents by plants grown in the antibiotic-contaminated soils.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CO2 and water); (ii) entrapment by suspended solids; (iii) discharge of the parent compound through chemical cleavage of the respective con-jugate forms and (iv) conversion to a more hydrophilic, persistent form which will short-circuit the treatment process [39,41,56,57]. Thus, in hospitals use of specific antibiotics, antineoplasic or diag-nostic agents subsequently requires a sewage treatment process more embracing and directed to these kind of drugs, which are only used in hospitals [35,58], and that must be different to the more specific procedure adopted at STPs receiving industrial discharges from drug manufactures [47][48][49]59]. In both, the form and extension of the final contamination risk will also depend on geographical location of the STP facility.…”
Section: Environmental Fatementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even considering their use at sub-therapeutically con-centrations, many studies suggest the development of bacterial resistance and further potential appearance of cross-resistance between different classes of antibiotics shared with humans [43,58,120,128]. Antibiotics used in livestock production are excreted in the urine and faeces of animals and often appear in manure.…”
Section: Antibioticsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is now established that these compounds enter the environment from a number of sources and pathways: wastewater effluents from municipal treatment plants (Heberer et al, 1997(Heberer et al, , 1998Kolpin et al, 2002); septic tanks (Verstraeten et al, 2005;Swartz et al, 2006); hospital effluents (Kümmerer, 2001); livestock activities including waste lagoons and manure application to soil (Shore and Shemesh, 2003;Watanabe et al, 2010); subsurface storage of household and industrial waste (e.g. Eckel et al, 1993;Holm et al, 1995), as well as indirectly through the process of groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) exchange (Buerge et al, 2009).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%