2003
DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02593-0
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Abstract: Potentially modifiable factors, such as current smoking and high BMI, may predispose a woman to more severe or frequent hot flashes. This information may be valuable for identifying women at risk for hot flashes and for developing appropriate prevention strategies that may include lifestyle modifications.

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Cited by 146 publications
(122 citation statements)
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“…However, a few years later, Schwingl et al (27) found no significant relationship between weight and flushes in nonsmokers. Although BMI has recently been associated with hot flushes by other investigators (28)(29)(30)(31), the mechanism of this association has not been completely identified. It has been suggested that the mechanism involves steroid hormone levels because several studies have shown that estradiol (26,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), sex hormone-binding globulin (34), and androgen (33,34) levels are associated with the risk of hot flushes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, a few years later, Schwingl et al (27) found no significant relationship between weight and flushes in nonsmokers. Although BMI has recently been associated with hot flushes by other investigators (28)(29)(30)(31), the mechanism of this association has not been completely identified. It has been suggested that the mechanism involves steroid hormone levels because several studies have shown that estradiol (26,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33), sex hormone-binding globulin (34), and androgen (33,34) levels are associated with the risk of hot flushes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The reasons for the great variability in symptoms between women are not well understood. Some risk factors for hot flashes have been identified in women undergoing menopause, including low circulating estrogen levels, low percent ideal body weight, lack of exercise, cigarette smoking, low socioeconomic and educational status, and African-American race [7][8][9]. Other important factors include young age at menopause or abrupt menopause.…”
Section: Epidemiology and Pathophysiologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A variety of physical and psychologic symptoms are commonly experienced during the menopausal transition, including vasomotor disturbances (hot flashes and night sweats), insomnia, depression, lability of mood, headache, memory loss, and decreased libido (2)(3)(4). These symptoms affect approximately 40%-70% of all midlife women (2)(3)(4)(5) and lead to innumerable physician visits with a cost to society in the billions of dollars (6).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data were collected from 1,129 women aged 40 to 60 living in the Baltimore metropolitan region who reported their menopausal status, history of menopausal symptoms, QOL, and other information through a mailed survey as previously described (2,10). The 15-page questionnaire took 15 to 25 minutes to complete and asked questions regarding demographics, reproductive history, use of hormone therapy or oral contraception, general medical and family history, and lifestyle behaviors, including smoking and alcohol use.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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