An injection plus dissection study of coronary artery occlusions and anastomoses

Schlesinger, M. J.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(38)90559-9

Cited by 364 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Laboratory Animals (1998) 32,200-205 Coronary artery distribution in Macaca fascicularis an experimental primate of suitable size, modest needs and available. Our data will be compared with similar investigations on human coronary arteries (Banchi 1904, Mouchet 1933, Schlesinger 1938, James 1961, Polacek 1961, Me Alpin 1975, Soto et al 1976, Ochsner &. Mills 1978, Lambie 1980, Hadziselimovie 1981, DiDio &.…”

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Coronary artery distribution in Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus)

Teofilovski-Parapid

Kreclović

1998

Lab Anim

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SummaryThe studies were performed using stereomicroscopic dissection, and light microscopy examination on hearts of healthy and fertile non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) of both sexes. The results indicate that the anatomy of the coronary arteries offers points of similarity as well as departure from humans. The blood supply to the hearts was by left [LCAI and right (RCA) coronary arteries. The LCA averaged 1.78 ± 0.29 (SDlmm (range 1.40-2.40 mm) in external diameter at its origin, and 4.34 ± 1.29 (SD)mm (range 1.8-6.5 mm) in length. It usually terminated by dividing into a left anterior descending artery (LAD)and the circumflex branch [CXA).The CXA branch coursed along the left part of the atrioventricular groove and gave off a varying number of branches to the left ventricle and atrium along its course. It averaged 1.14±0.30 (SD)mm (range 0.70-1.70mm) in external diameter at its origin. The LAD averaged 1.28± 0.25 (SD)mm (range 0.90 ± 1.80mm) in external diameter at its origin. In 73% cases the LAD continued over the apex to course dorsally in the posterior interventricular groove, and gave off a varying number of diagonal and septal branches. The RCA arose from the right aortic sinus and coursed along the right part of the atrioventricular groove and averaged 0.94±0.15 (SDlmm (range 0.70-1.20mml in external diameter at its origin. The posterior descending coronary artery (PDCA) arose from the LCA in 55% of the cases, and from the RCA in 45%. Myocardial bridges (MB)were present in 54% of the hearts and over the LCA branches exclusively. The average length of all MB was 5.68 ±3.31(SD) mm (range 2.4-11.5 mm). The coronary arteries of Macaca fascicularis are medium sized muscular arteries with well developed tunics intima, media and adventitia, and so resemble human arteries more closely than the dog. Therefore, we suggest this primate species might be a useful model for physiological studies on the coronary circulation.

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confidence: 86%

Coronary artery distribution in Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus)

Teofilovski-Parapid

Kreclović

1998

Lab Anim

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“…In three experiments in which moderate narrowing to 15 to 19 per cent of the original lumen was produced, slight evidences of collateral circulation were demonstrated after survival periods of three hours, fifty-two hours, and seven days respectively, but this collateral circulation in its early development was functionally inadequate to protect the heart from the effects of suddenly superimposed complete occlusion of the artery. 6. In nine of the twelve experiments in which the animal survived twelve or more days after moderate narrowing, rich anastomotic communications between the major coronary arteries were demonstrated by the injection technic.…”

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The Experimental Production of Intercoronary Arterial Anastomoses and their Functional Significance

Blumgart¹,

Zoll²,

Freedberg³

et al. 1950

Circulation

149

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Animal experiments were done to learn the degree of coronary narrowing required to produce the larger intercoronary collateral channels, their speed of development, and the degree of protection afforded the myocardium. Twelve or more days of 75 per cent narrowing were required to produce sufficiently rich anastomotic communications to protect the myocardium from damage, and to permit survival after superimposed acute complete occlusion. The physiologic and pathologic significance of the intercoronary collateral communications and the clinical implications in coronary artery disease are discussed.T HE CLINICAL manifestations of acute myocardial infarction are no longer regarded to be solely the result of an acute occlusion of a coronary artery. In some instances, acute myocardial infarction occurs in the absence of fresh narrowing or occlusion'-while in other hearts the effects of acute occlusion may be partly neutralized by the presence of collateral circulation consequent to previous narrowing. Thus, acute myocardial infarction is to be regarded rather the resultant of two opposing processes; namely, the obstruction to blood flow by occlusive processes, and the compensatory development of collateral circulation which serves to offset the dire effects of coronary narrowing and occlusion.Despite excellent studies of the collateral coronary circulation, the speed with which interarterial connections develop and the degree to which they protect the myocardium are imperfectly understood. Clinical and pathologic data on hearts with old coronary occlusion and with collateral circulation do not yield decisive answers. On examining such a human heart post mortem, only the net end result of the obstructive process and the compensatory bypasses is witnessed; one cannot determine accurately, even by microscopic study, how long previously the narrowing or complete occlusion

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“…7 The conus artery when arise separately from anterior aortic sinus is considered as Third coronary artery. 8 The sinuatrial nodal branch is from right coronary artery in 73% of cases, from left coronary in 27% of cases and 4% of cases from both. The knowledge of anatomic characteristic and variations of SA nodal artery is highly essential to avoid iatrogenic injury during interventional cardiology and cardio surgical procedures involving the right atrium.…”

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confidence: 97%