Occurrence of emerging pollutants in urban wastewater and their removal through biological treatment followed by ozonation

Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

“…In addition, similar concentration ranges for SMX and OLF were reported (0.29-1.00 and 0.44-3.10 μg/L, respectively) in the influents of eight WWTPs located in Beijing (Gao et al, 2012). ERY-H 2 O was the most abundant macrolides detected in the influent, whose mean concentrations were reported as 0.63 μg/L in Hong Kong (Gulkowska et al, 2008), and 0.34 μg/L in Spain (Rosal et al, 2010), which are comparable to the result in this study.…”

Ozonation of wastewater: Removal and transformation products of drugs of abuse

“…Ozonation of drinking water and wastewater for disinfection is well established in some parts of the world, especially Europe, but its potential to remove contaminants of emerging concern has only been investigated more recently (Rosal et al, 2010). It has already been shown that ozonation is effective at removing several micropollutants to more than 95% that are not typically removed during conventional activated sludge treatment, therefore making it a promising option to remove these compounds Nakada et al, 2007;Rodayan et al, 2010;Ternes et al, 2003;Wert et al, 2009).…”

“…It has already been shown that ozonation is effective at removing several micropollutants to more than 95% that are not typically removed during conventional activated sludge treatment, therefore making it a promising option to remove these compounds Nakada et al, 2007;Rodayan et al, 2010;Ternes et al, 2003;Wert et al, 2009). Rosal et al (2010) investigated the removal of the DOA codeine in wastewater during ozonation and found that a dose of b 50 μM was required to decrease the concentration of the drug to below 5 μgL −1 which was the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method used. To our knowledge, no other study has investigated the potential to remove DOAs in wastewater using ozone.…”

“…Huerta-Fontela et al (2012) showed that disinfection by-products are produced after chlorine oxidation of amphetaminetype compounds at a drinking water treatment plant but in most studies the fate of the parent compound is monitored and the transformation products are generally not identified nor quantified (Celiz et al, 2009). It has been shown however that degradation by-products often persist after the parent compound has been completely removed and in some cases they are more toxic to aquatic organisms than the parent compound (Dantas et al, 2007;Gomez-Ramos et al, 2011;Rosal et al, 2010). Since it is not economically feasible to implement an ozonation system to supply enough ozone for complete mineralization, before ozone is implemented at WWTPs for either disinfection purposes or for the removal (or transformation) of CECs, the potential oxidation transformation products (OTPs) must first be investigated.…”

Fast determination of 40 drugs in water using large volume direct injection liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…The use of UHPLC in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using triple quadrupole (QqQ) [2,8,10,11,[19][20][21][22] or ion trap (IT) analyzers [23][24][25][26][27], has made possible the development of faster and more sensitive methods. Moreover, the fact of working with short dwell times in new instruments, allows increasing the number of selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions acquired simultaneously per compound making possible not only quantification but also a reliable identification.…”