The characteristics of cognitive neuroscience tests in a schizophrenia cognition clinical trial: Psychometric properties and correlations with standard measures

Kraus, Michael; Gold, James M.; Deanna, M; Walker, Trina M.; Chun, Charlotte A.; Boyer, Robert; Csernansky, John G.; Goff, Donald C.; Green, Michael F.; Jarskog, L. Fredrik; Javitt, Daniel C.; Kimhy, David; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; McEvoy, Joseph P.; Mesholam-Gately, Raquelle I.; Seidman, Larry J.; Ball, M. Patricia; Kern, Robert S.; McMahon, Robert P.; Robinson, James A.; Marder, Stephen R.; Keefe, Richard S.E.

doi:10.1016/j.scog.2019.100161

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The null finding for working memory was at odds with our hypothesis and with a previous study that suggested this association (Heerey & Gold, 2007). However, research has strongly associated UPSA performance with cognition (Bowie et al, 2006; Kraus et al, 2020), with the suggestion that this task may serve as a proxy for cognitive functioning (Keefe, Poe, Walker, & Harvey, 2006). Therefore, our findings could reflect a link between components of cognition aside from working memory and real-world motivated behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is of particular interest whether this domain would relate to goal-directed behavior in patients' daily lives. Laboratory-based measures of functioning, such as the University of California San Diego Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA; Patterson, Goldman, McKibbin, Hughs, & Jeste, 2001), have also been associated with working memory and cognition (Bowie, Reichenberg, Patterson, Heaton, & Harvey, 2006; Kraus et al, 2020; Twamley et al, 2002). Although a recent EMA study found that UPSA performance was not related to the number of daily productive behaviors (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Correlates of real-world goal-directed behavior in schizophrenia

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Deficits in goal-directed behavior (i.e. behavior conducted to achieve a specific goal or outcome) are core to schizophrenia, difficult to treat, and associated with poor functional outcomes. Factors such as negative symptoms, effort-cost decision-making, cognition, and functional skills have all been associated with goal-directed behavior in schizophrenia as indexed by clinical interviews or laboratory-based tasks. However, little work has examined whether these factors relate to the real-world pursuit of goal-directed activities in this population. Methods This study aimed to fill this gap by using Ecological Momentary Assessment (four survey prompts per day for 1 week) to test hypotheses about symptom, effort allocation, cognitive, and functional measures associated with planned and completed goal-directed behavior in the daily lives of 63 individuals with schizophrenia. Results Individuals with schizophrenia completed more goal-directed activities than they planned [t(62) = −4.01, p < 0.001]. Motivation and pleasure (i.e. experiential) negative symptoms, controlling for depressive symptoms, negatively related to planned goal-directed behavior [odds ratio (OR) 0.92, p = 0.005]. Increased effort expenditure for high probability rewards (planned: OR 1.01, p = 0.034, completed: OR 1.01, p = 0.034) along with performance on a daily functional skills task (planned: OR 1.04, p = 0.002, completed: OR 1.03, p = 0.047) negatively related to both planned and completed goal-directed activity. Conclusions Our results present correlates of real-world goal-directed behavior that largely align with impaired ability to make future estimations in schizophrenia. This insight could help identify targeted treatments for the elusive motivated behavior deficits in this population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of real-world goal-directed behavior in schizophrenia

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, fair to good test–retest reliability has been shown for the backward digit span task (Fox-Fuller et al, 2022: intraclass correlation = .66; Müller et al, 2012: intraclass correlation = .64; Wechsler, 2008: r = .71; D. L. Woods et al, 2011: r = .81), while fair to excellent test–retest reliability has been observed for the AX-CPT task (Barch et al, 2009: intraclass correlation = .81, Cooper et al, 2017: intraclass correlation = .70; Halperin et al, 1991: test–retest correlations = .65–.74; Kraus et al, 2020: intraclass correlation = .72).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring individual differences in native phonetic perception and their link to nonnative phonetic perception.

Honda,

Clayards,

Baum

2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adults differ considerably in their perception of both native and nonnative phonemes. For instance, when presented with continua of native phonemes on two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) or visual analog scaling (VAS) tasks, some people show sudden changes in responses (i.e., steep identification slopes) and others show gradual changes (i.e., shallow identification slopes). Moreover, some adults are more successful than others at learning unfamiliar phonemes. The predictors of these individual differences and the relationships between them are poorly understood. It also remains unclear to what extent different tasks (2AFC vs. VAS) may reflect distinct individual differences in perception. In two experiments, we addressed these questions by examining the relationships between individual differences in performance on native and nonnative phonetic perception tasks. We found that shallow 2AFC identification slopes were not related to shallow VAS identification slopes but were related to inconsistent VAS responses. Additionally, our results suggest that consistent native perception may play a role in promoting successful nonnative perception. These findings help characterize the nature of individual differences in phonetic perception and contribute to our understanding of how to measure such differences. This work also has implications for encouraging successful acquisition of new languages in adulthood. Public Significance StatementSuccessfully perceiving speech sounds is a crucial skill for spoken communication; yet individuals show differences in how they perceive both native and nonnative speech sounds. We studied the relationships between performance on different native and nonnative speech perception tasks, finding that (a) different tasks measure different subtleties and (b) people with consistent perception of native speech sounds tend to be better at accurately perceiving nonnative sounds. These findings have implications for understanding the nature of individual differences in speech perception and for helping adults to learn new languages successfully.

show abstract

“…The classical research paradigms of the switching function include the local-global task and number–letter task [ 27 ]. Meanwhile, many studies have found that working memory impairments are associated with schizophrenia [ 28 , 29 ], attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [ 30 , 31 ], Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [ 32 ], and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) [ 33 ]. Since working memory is closely related to people’s lives and learning, it plays a crucial role in people’s lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Audiovisual Interactions on Working Memory Task Performance—Interference or Facilitation

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: The combined n-back + Go/NoGo paradigm was used to investigate whether audiovisual interactions interfere with or facilitate WM. (2) Methods: College students were randomly assigned to perform the working memory task based on either a single (visual or auditory) or dual (audiovisual) stimulus. Reaction times, accuracy, and WM performance were compared across the two groups to investigate effects of audiovisual interactions. (3) Results: With low cognitive load (2-back), auditory stimuli had no effect on visual working memory, whereas visual stimuli had a small effect on auditory working memory. With high cognitive load (3-back), auditory stimuli interfered (large effect size) with visual WM, and visual stimuli interfered (medium effect size) with auditory WM. (4) Conclusions: Audiovisual effects on WM follow the resource competition theory, and the cognitive load of a visual stimulus is dominated by competition; vision always interferes with audition, and audition conditionally interferes with vision. With increased visual cognitive load, competitive effects of audiovisual interactions were more obvious than those with auditory stimuli. Compared with visual stimuli, audiovisual stimuli showed significant interference only when visual cognitive load was high. With low visual cognitive load, the two stimulus components neither facilitated nor interfered with the other in accordance with a speed–accuracy trade-off.

show abstract

The characteristics of cognitive neuroscience tests in a schizophrenia cognition clinical trial: Psychometric properties and correlations with standard measures

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Correlates of real-world goal-directed behavior in schizophrenia

Correlates of real-world goal-directed behavior in schizophrenia

Exploring individual differences in native phonetic perception and their link to nonnative phonetic perception.

Effects of Audiovisual Interactions on Working Memory Task Performance—Interference or Facilitation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About