Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds in water supply systems in Brazil

Santos, Agenor Valadares; Couto, Carolina Fonsêca; Lebron, Yuri Abner Rocha; Moreira, Victor Rezende; Foureaux, Ana Flávia Souza; Reis, Eduarda Oliveira; Santos, Lucilaine Valéria de Souza; Andrade, Laura Hamdan de; Amaral, Míriam Cristina Santos; Lange, Liséte Celina

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141011

Cited by 55 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…All of them were detected in groundwater samples around WWTPs, highlighting the need to implement new removal techniques. In general, the findings of this study were in accordance with the literature reporting occurrence patterns in Italy [11][12][13]39] and in other countries as well [9,15,18,[40][41][42][43]. However, in order to better estimate the impact of PhACs in the studied area, further information on their occurrence through time is needed.…”

Section: Screening Assessment In the Study Areasupporting

confidence: 90%

“…An improvement of treatment lines including steps, like ozonation and adsorption with activated carbon, is necessary in order to remove them. Hence, the best solution for drinking water companies in order to reassure safe and good quality of drinking water is a combination of them in their treatment lines [15,44]. SMAT as a drinking water company has incorporated this approach in particular for more vulnerable water resources.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Pharmaceuticals In Treated/drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treated samples originating from both surface and groundwater have been included in this study as well and the results showed that atenolol, azithromycin, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, diclofenac, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cyclophosphamide, clarithromycin, estrone, and 17-beta-estradiol were not quantified at all, even if most of them were present in the raw water. The reasons for their absence could be due to different phenomena: biodegradation, adsorption on the carbon filters and oxidation, mainly chlorination [15,18]. On the other hand, even if carbamazepine, caffeine, ibuprofen and ketoprofen have been detected in some treated samples in concentrations above their individual LOQs, they were still at a very low level.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Pharmaceuticals In Treated/drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent an important remediation phase against contaminants' release in the environment [15]. However, conventional treatment technologies used in WWTPs have been proven insufficient in removing PhACs from wastewater [16,17], setting them as one of the most important pollution sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and Human Health Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Hormones in Drinking Water Sources in the Metropolitan Area of Turin in Italy

Papagiannaki

Morgillo

Bocina

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Pharmaceuticals and hormones (PhACs) enter the aquatic environment in multiple ways, posing potential adverse effects on non-target organisms. They have been widely detected in drinking water sources, challenging water companies to reassure good quality drinking water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of sixteen PhACs in both raw and treated drinking water sources in the Metropolitan Area of Turin—where Società Metropolitana Acque Torino (SMAT) is the company in charge of the water cycle management—and evaluate the potential human health risks associated to these compounds. Multivariate spatial statistical analysis techniques were used in order to characterize the areas at higher risk of pollution, taking into account the already existing SMAT sampling points’ network. Health risks were assessed considering average detected concentrations and provisional guideline values for individual compounds as well as their combined mixture. As reported in the just-issued Drinking Water Directive 2020/2184/UE, in order to establish priority substances, a risk assessment of contaminants present in raw drinking water sources is required for monitoring, identifying potential health risks and, if necessary, managing their removal. The results showed negligibly low human health risks in both raw water sources and treated water.

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Section: Screening Assessment In the Study Areasupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Occurrence Of Pharmaceuticals In Treated/drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence Of Pharmaceuticals In Treated/drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and Human Health Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Hormones in Drinking Water Sources in the Metropolitan Area of Turin in Italy

Papagiannaki

Morgillo

Bocina

et al. 2021

Toxics

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“…Therefore, the concentration range is not well adjusted to both samples. For example, PhACs in drinking water or wastewater [224,225], or surface water and wastewater [45]. Nevertheless, the calibration curve's first concentration is not represented by the limit of quantification for each target compound.…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods to Analysis Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Waters Matrices

Almeida

2021

Separations

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In the environment, pharmaceutical residues are a field of particular interest due to the adverse effects to either human health or aquatic and soil environment. Because of the diversity of these compounds, at least 3000 substances were identified and categorized into 49 different therapeutic classes, and several actions are urgently required at multiple steps, the main ones: (i) occurrence studies of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the water cycle; (ii) the analysis of the potential impact of their introduction into the aquatic environment; (iii) the removal/degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds; and, (iv) the development of more sensible and selective analytical methods to their monitorization. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art sample preparation methods and chromatographic analysis applied to the study of PhACs in water matrices by pinpointing their advantages and drawbacks. Because it is almost impossible to be comprehensive in all PhACs, instruments, extraction techniques, and applications, this overview focuses on works that were published in the last ten years, mainly those applicable to water matrices.

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Human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the European Vecht River

Duarte

Oldenkamp

Ragas

2022

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can reach surface waters used for drinking water extraction and recreational activities, such as swimming and fishing. The aim of the present study was to systematically assess the lifetime human health risks posed by 15 individual APIs and their mixtures occurring in the German-Dutch transboundary Vecht River. An exposure model was developed and used to assess the combined risks of oral and dermal exposure under a variety of exposure conditions. A total of 4500 API uptake values and 165 lifetime risk values were estimated for 15 and 11 APIs, respectively. Overall, the lifetime human health risks posed by the APIs and their mixtures based on modeling results were deemed acceptable under typical exposure conditions. Under very extreme environmental conditions and human behavior, API mixture risks were of potential concern while the risks of individual APIs were negligible, with a few exceptions. The antibiotic doxycycline and analgesic phenazone showed the highest and lowest risks, respectively. The study did not evaluate the potential risks caused by metabolite compounds. Recommendations for water managers are provided to help improve the accuracy and utility of human health risk assessments of pharmaceuticals.

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Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds in water supply systems in Brazil

Cited by 55 publications

References 47 publications

Occurrence and Human Health Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Hormones in Drinking Water Sources in the Metropolitan Area of Turin in Italy

Occurrence and Human Health Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Hormones in Drinking Water Sources in the Metropolitan Area of Turin in Italy

Overview of Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods to Analysis Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Waters Matrices

Human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the European Vecht River

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