The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook

Jones, Edward R.; Qadir, Manzoor; Vliet, Michelle T. H. van; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Kang, Seong Mu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.076

Cited by 1,117 publications

(510 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…To be precise, 47.5% of global operational desalination capacity belongs to the Middle East. This means that 4826 plants in this region have desalination capacity equals to 45.32 million m 3 per day (Jones et al 2019). Generally, the desalination process of saline waters is divided into two techniques:…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

Esmaeilion¹

2020

Appl Water Sci

115

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Water and energy are two key factors in human life that always control the growth and development of human societies. Climate changes, increasing the population in urban areas and industrialization, have increased the demands for freshwater around the world. Estimates show that a small percentage of all freshwater produced in the world is from renewable sources. By developing the technology, lowering equipment prices and increasing attention to the environmental problems of fossil fuels, utilizing renewable energy is growing. By providing a wide variety of conventional desalination methods driven by various types of renewable energy technologies in the world, water and energy legislators should choose different methods to meet the needs based on the local potentials by paying attention to the desalination processes and power systems. In some cases, concentrated solar power for thermal desalination or electricity generated by the photovoltaic plants for membrane desalination systems can be used in arid areas. Definitely, the most problem of using renewable sources is their unsteady natures, which using storage systems or combining with other renewable sources can solve this problem. This chapter provides extensive information about renewables, desalination and performance analysis of power systems. Reverse osmosis technique is a practical process in desalination which 69% of desalination plants use this system. Solar energy is an important source of energy for hybrid systems. The geothermal has a steady performance at a specified depth. Ultimately, obtained results from energy and exergy analysis would have provided a better insight.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

Esmaeilion¹

2020

Appl Water Sci

115

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“…Source: own elaboration from the questionnaires. Notes: 1 Petition was on 1986; 2 Latest statutes in 2015; 3 Although the first irrigation campaign with desalinated water was in 1979 with the arrival of the TST; 4 This surface increases until 3515 ha (taking into account the surface currently occupied by the industrial park); 5 This surface is reduced to 32,000 in a dry period; 6 Part of this surface (12,620 ha) corresponds to traditional irrigation (unregulated); 7 Some farms up to 200-300 ha; 8 Some farms up to 400 ha; 9 Some farms up to 40-50 ha; 10 Professional farmer: 20 ha, with 7-8 large fruit and vegetable companies (25-30 ha each one); 11 Some farms up to 50-100 ha; 12 One horticultural company uses 800 ha and a fruit company, about 300 ha; 13 Some horticultural companies up to 150 ha; 14 Vegetables include lettuce, broccoli, artichoke, cauliflower, tomatoes, celery, potato, onion, and pepper; while fruits include citrus, melon, watermelon, grape, and mango.…”

Section: Irrigation Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desalination for sustaining agricultural production is being reported as an alternative water source in some Mediterranean countries faced with the climatological and hydrological constraints [8]. Desalination is broadly considered as a mechanism to deal with the challenge of water resource shortage [9]. The worldwide population relying on desalinated seawater is expected to increase from 7.5% of the world population in 2015, to a projected 18% in 2050 [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Close the Gap of Desalinated Seawater for Agricultural Irrigation? Confronting Attitudes between Managers and Farmers in Alicante and Murcia (Spain)

Ricart

Villar-Navascués

Gil-Guirado

et al. 2020

Water

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Although desalination water cost and quality standards have been widely studied, less attention has been paid to understanding how desalination plant managers and irrigation communities interact to address water scarcity. This paper aims to approach these questions from experience in Alicante and Murcia (Spain). Two specific questionnaires have been applied to (1) three desalination plants managed by the Spanish public company ACUAMED, and (2) 11 irrigation communities who use desalinated seawater. Discursive analysis has been applied in order to deepen understanding on the driving factors, benefits, and barriers of desalination use and management. Results highlighted how (1) irrigation communities consider desalination as a complementary water source to be combined with conventional water resources, (2) both ACUAMED and irrigation communities highlighted two main advantages of desalination: the security/guarantee of supply and water quality parameters, and (3) managers and irrigators disagree on the desalination model of seawater provision and management, since irrigators consider that the Central Union of the Tajo-Segura transfer irrigators (SCRATS) should have a leading role. In addition, the main driving factors and barriers useful for policy makers when closing the gap of desalination have been identified: water price and energy consumption; lack of water storage capacity and regulation; environmental impacts.

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“…In den MENA‐Ländern wurden knapp 48 % der global installierten Entsalzungskapazität betrieben . Beispielsweise werden allein in Saudi‐Arabien ca.…”

Section: Fallstudieunclassified

PV‐betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage zur Meerwasserentsalzung – Modellierung und Analyse verschiedener Energieversorgungsvarianten

Sanna

Kaltschmitt

Ernst

2019

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Die Umkehrosmose ist eine sehr energieeffiziente Option zur Meerwasserentsalzung. Da sie nur elektrische Energie nachfragt, bietet sich aus Klimaschutzgründen eine Kombination von Umkehrosmose‐ und Photovoltaik(PV)‐Anlagen an. Deshalb wird hier eine PV‐basierte Umkehrosmose‐Anlage zur Meerwasserentsalzung für einen Standort in Saudi‐Arabien ausgelegt und modelliert. Ausgehend davon werden verschiedene Varianten einer PV‐versorgten Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage untersucht und daraus Schlussfolgerungen für den Bau derartiger Anlagen abgeleitet.

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The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook

Cited by 1,117 publications

References 68 publications

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination

How to Close the Gap of Desalinated Seawater for Agricultural Irrigation? Confronting Attitudes between Managers and Farmers in Alicante and Murcia (Spain)

PV‐betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage zur Meerwasserentsalzung – Modellierung und Analyse verschiedener Energieversorgungsvarianten

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