Occurrence and risk assessment of acidic pharmaceuticals in the Yellow River, Hai River and Liao River of north China

Occurrences of pharmaceuticals in drinking water sources of major river watersheds, China

“…This agreed with a previous study of the Yellow River of China (Wang et al, 2010), where concentrations of NSAIDs were higher during the cold season (November and December) than during the warm season (May and July). Similarly, the concentrations of lincomycin were higher during the cold season (October and November) than during the warm season (July), which agreed with those reported in the raw water of DWTPs across Missouri .…”

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and associated environmental risks in the central and lower Yangtze river, China

“…In surface water, NSAIDs can be eliminated by photodegradation and biodegradation processes with estimated half-life ranging from 8 to 32 days (Tixier et al, 2003). The lack of detection above LOQ at the upstream sites is similar to what has been found previously in several rivers in northern China, the average concentrations of IND, KET, IBU and DIC were either not detected or in the tens of ng L À 1 (Wang et al, 2010). In the Pearl River, IBU ranged from below detection limits to 1417 ng L À 1 in low flow season and from below detection limit to 535 ng L À 1 in high flow season (Peng et al, 2008).…”

Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of diclofenac and ibuprofen: A public health perspective

“…Despite the benefits and due to their intensive usage, studies on the environment have been carried out on their impacts. These substances have been considered as micropollutants (Sedlak et al, 2000) or microcontaminants, with potential toxic effects (Hernando et al, 2006) and environmental damages; therefore, they could be handled as pesticides (Kümmerer, 2001) because they are specifically designed to be biologically active, like pesticides (Wang et al, 2010).…”