Diagnosis of infant synostotic and nonsynostotic cranial deformities: a review for pediatricians

Abstract

Objective:To review the current comprehensive care for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and nonsynostotic cranial deformity and to offer an overall view of these craniofacial conditions.Data source:The review was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases without time or language restrictions. Relevant articles were selected for the review.Data synthesis:We included the anatomy and physiology of normal skull development of children, discussing nuances related to nomenclature, epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of the most common forms of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. The clinical criteria for the differential diagnosis between positional deformities and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis were also discussed, giving to the pediatrician subsidies for a quick and safe clinical diagnosis. If positional deformity is accurately diagnosed, it can be treated successfully with behavior modification. Diagnostic doubts and craniosynostosis patients should be referred straightaway to a multidisciplinary craniofacial center.Conclusions:Pediatricians are in the forefront of the diagnosis of patients with cranial deformities. Thus, it is of paramount importance that they recognize subtle cranial deformities as it may be related to premature fusion of cranial sutures.

Validation of Skully Care as a Fast Method for Quantifying Positional Cranial Deformities

“…Both SC and PCM are primarily developed for quantifying positional cranial deformities and not to differentiate between craniosynostosis and positional cranial deformities. Differential diagnosis of craniosynostosis and positional cranial deformities is mainly by medical interview and physical examination (Bredero-Boelhouwer et al, 2009; Feijen et al, 2012; Mathijssen, 2015; Ghizoni et al, 2016). Both methods, however, are used to monitor effect of treatment, for example, physiotherapy.…”

Surface Cranial Ultrasound: The Natural Heir to X-Ray for the Screening of Skull Deformities in Infants

“…Nowadays, 3D-CT has become the diagnostic imaging method of first choice [1]. Anamnesis with accurate, repeated clinical evaluation is the stronghold for a correct suspicion [7], but the increased prevalence of PP and the concerns about the risks of leukemia and brain tumors related to ionizing radiation exposure [8,10,9], caused physicians to reduce the number of 3D-CT, looking for a radiation-free diagnostic imaging technique able to differentiate between CS and PP. Several studies suggested that, due to its characteristics, such as the low cost and the lack of ionizing radiations, cranial ultrasound (CUS) could represent an optimal first-line examination [8].…”

Morfologia Craniana E a Relação Com Tempo De Parto Em Neonatos Em Uma Ala Materno Infantil No Hospital Universitário Do Oeste Do Paraná

“…As alterações também conhecidas como craniossinostoses, são malformações congênitas, caracterizada por uma fusão prematura de uma ou mais suturas cranianas, podendo ocasionar deformidades no crânio, variando o seu grau e proporção (MELO, 2014). Essas assimetrias cranianas podem ser formadas devido ao uso de uma posição específica prolongada, também conhecida como craniossinostose de deformidades posicionais ou não sinostóticas, a mais comum delas é a plagiocefalia posicional ou deformacional (GHIZONI, et al, 2016).…”

“…A plagiocefalia postural ou deformacional é ocasionada por mau hábito de manter a criança em decúbito dorsal por longos períodos, devido o bebê ter alguma preferência durante o sono e para mamar, resultante de forças externas que moldam o crânio durante os primeiros semanas e meses de vida. E a braquicefalia (suturas coronais e/ou lambdoides) na literatura é descrita como a menos comum (5,3%), também conhecida como crânio curto que ocorre devido ao fechamento precoce das suturas coronais bilateralmente, levando a uma dificuldade da expansibilidade frontal (MELO, 2014e GHIZONI, et al, 2016.…”