Wing shape is influenced by environmental variability in Polietina orbitalis (Stein) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Alves, Victor Michelon; Moura, Maurício Osvaldo; Carvalho, Cláudio José Barros de

doi:10.1016/j.rbe.2016.02.003

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is known that the individual or population variations of the wing shape and size are selected depending on the characteristics of the environment [ 72 ]. The architecture of morphological characters responds to the engagement between the demands of the environment and those of the genome [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing morphometrics of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus (Macquart, 1838) (Diptera: Culicidae) from different climatic regions of Argentina

Garzón

Schweigmann

2018

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundGene flow restrictions between populations of Aedes albifasciatus, the vector of Western equine encephalitis and Dirophilaria immitis, have been described in the central region of Argentina. Genetic and eco-physiological variations usually result in local forms reflecting the climatic regions. Mosquito wings and their different parts have ecological functions in flight and communication. Therefore, wing shape could be considered an aspect of sexual dimorphism, and its eco-physiological responses can be expressed as morphological changes induced by the environment.MethodsTo compare the geographical and sexual variations with respect to wing shape and size in two Ae. albifasciatus populations from contrasting climates of Argentina (temperate: Buenos Aires, and the arid steppe of Patagonia: Sarmiento), the wings of adults reared in thermal trays at different constant temperatures (10–29 °C) were analyzed.ResultsThe wing size of Ae. albifasciatus showed inverse linear relationships with the rearing thermal condition and higher slope for Buenos Aires. In the cool range (10–17 °C), geographical size variations responded to the converse Bergmann’s rule, where Buenos Aires individuals were larger than those from Sarmiento. Sexual shape dimorphism occurred in both populations while geographical variation in shape was observed in both sexes.ConclusionsBuenos Aires individuals showed greater response sensitivity with respect to the size-temperature relation than those from Sarmiento. The converse Bergmann’s rule in size variation could be due to a higher development rate in Sarmiento to produce more cohorts in the limited favorable season. The shape could be more relevant with respect to the size in the study of population structures due to the size being more liable to vary due to changes in the environment. The geographical variations with respect to morphology could be favored by the isolation between populations and adaptations to the environmental conditions. Our results demonstrate that the shape and size of wing provide useful phenotypic information for studies related to sexual and environmental adaptations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing morphometrics of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus (Macquart, 1838) (Diptera: Culicidae) from different climatic regions of Argentina

Garzón

Schweigmann

2018

Parasites Vectors

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“…Changes in body shape or in the shape of functional traits (e.g., wings, legs) can greatly affect some ecological attributes like sexual selection [ 48 ], adaptation [ 49 ], competition [ 8 ], development [ 50 ], and predation [ 51 ], causing significant changes in important populational parameters such as density, morphological variation, fitness, evolution and survival. Very few studies have evaluated changes in body shape or in the shape of bodily structures in response to transgenic compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Modifications in Canthon quinquemaculatus Castelnau 1840 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): Sublethal Effects of Transgenic Maize?

Alves

Hernández

2017

Insects

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The effects of transgenic compounds on non-target organisms remain poorly understood, especially in native insect species. Morphological changes (e.g., changes in body size and shape) may reflect possible responses to environmental stressors, like transgenic toxins. The dung beetle Canthon quinquemaculatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) is a non-target species found in transgenic crops. We evaluated whether C. quinquemaculatus individuals inhabiting corn fields cultivated with different seed types (conventional, creole and transgenic) present modifications in body shape compared to individuals inhabiting adjacent native forest fragments. We collected C. quinquemaculatus specimens across an agricultural landscape in southern Brazil, during the summer of 2015. Six populations were sampled: three maize crop populations each under a different seed type, and three populations of adjacent forests. After sampling, specimens were subjected to morphometric analyses to discover differences in body shape. We chose fifteen landmarks to describe body shape, and morphometric data were tested with Procrustes ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis. We found that body shape did not differ between individuals collected in conventional and creole crops with their respective adjacent forests (p > 0.05); however, transgenic crop populations differed significantly from those collected in adjacent forests (p < 0.05). Insects in transgenic maize are more oval and have a retraction in the abdominal region, compared with the respective adjacent forest, this result shows the possible effect of transgenic crops on non-target species. This may have implications for the ecosystem service of organic matter removal, carried out by these organisms.

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“…This suggests that limb size did not act as an evolutionary constraint as limb shape evolved throughout the Pleistocene, potentially enabling North American martens to adapt to fluctuations in climate and biome quite readily. Additionally, in studies that have found little to no influence of trait size or shape, many researchers have attributed shape variation to differences in environmental selective pressures (e.g., Bol'shakov, Vasil'ev, Vasil'eva, Gorodilova, & Chibiryak, 2015;Dowle, Morgan-Richards, Brescia, & Trewick, 2015;Glennon & Cron, 2015;Abaad et al, 2016;Aguilar-Medrano & Calderon-Aguilera, 2016;Alves, Moura, & de Carvalho, 2016;Grohé, Tseng, Lebrun, Boistel, & Flynn, 2016). This pattern can be seen in our earlier studies, which have demonstrated that bone shape and size in Martes has previously been shown to correlate with different environmental and climatic variables (Lynch, 2019b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Appendicular skeletal morphology of North American Martes reflect independent modes of evolution in conjunction with Pleistocene glacial cycles

Lynch

Felice

O’Brien

2020

The Anatomical Record

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Pleistocene glacial cycles are thought to have driven ecological niche shifts, including novel niche formation. North American pine martens, Martes americana and M. caurina, are exemplar taxa thought to have diverged molecularly and morphologically during Pleistocene glaciation. Previous research found correlations between Martes limb morphology with biome and climate, suggesting that appendicular evolution may have occurred via adaptation to selective pressures imposed by novel and shifting habitats. Such variation can also be achieved through non-adaptive means such as genetic drift. Here, we evaluate whether regional genetic differences reflect limb morphology differences among populations of M. americana and M. caurina by analyzing evolutionary tempo and mode of six limb elements. Our comparative phylogenetic models indicate that genetic structure predicts limb shape better than size. Marten limb size has low phylogenetic signal, and the best supported model of evolution is punctuational (kappa), with morphological and genetic divergence occurring simultaneously. Disparity through time analysis suggests that the tempo of limb evolution in Martes tracks Pleistocene glacial cycles, such that limb size may be responding to shifting climates rather than population genetic structure. Contrarily, we find that limb shape is strongly tied to genetic relationships, with high phylogenetic signal and a lambda mode of evolution. Overall, this pattern of limb size and shape variation may be the result of geographic isolation during Pleistocene glacial advance, while declines in disparity suggest hybridization during interglacial periods. Future inclusion of extinct populations of Martes, which were more morphologically and ecologically diverse, may further clarify Martes phenotypic evolution. K E Y W O R D S limb shape, limb size, mustelid, phylogenetic comparative methods | INTRODUCTIONClimate is one of the most prominent extrinsic selective pressures influencing phenotypic evolution, as it often leads to shifts in environment that require adaptation or Evolution of Martes limb shape and size.

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Wing shape is influenced by environmental variability in Polietina orbitalis (Stein) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Wing morphometrics of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus (Macquart, 1838) (Diptera: Culicidae) from different climatic regions of Argentina

Wing morphometrics of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) albifasciatus (Macquart, 1838) (Diptera: Culicidae) from different climatic regions of Argentina

Morphometric Modifications in Canthon quinquemaculatus Castelnau 1840 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): Sublethal Effects of Transgenic Maize?

Appendicular skeletal morphology of North American Martes reflect independent modes of evolution in conjunction with Pleistocene glacial cycles

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