“…Neuroinflammation is thought to be one of the main factors involved in neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants (Z et al, 2009;Lei et al, 2017). This hypothesis proposes that enhanced CNS and related systemic inflammation contribute to neuronal damage, astrogliosis, and oligodendrocytes loss (Stewart et al, 2013;Molnár and Rutherford, 2013;Guimarães Filho et al, 1992;Vinall and Grunau, 2014;Jaeger et al, 2015). The inflammatory process alters neuronal and glial cells proliferation, differentiation, and may also increase cell death rate (Vasconcelos et al, 2014;Wikström et al, 2008;Ohls et al, 2014).…”