Antigen cocktails: valid hypothesis or unsubstantiated hope?

Willadsen, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2008.01.005

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Bm86-gut antigen and its homologues (de la Fuente et al, 1998;Canales et al, 2009) as well as tick subolesin and mosquito akirin (Carreón et al, 2012) have been evaluated in vaccination regimens with varied but promising outcomes. Combinational multivalent antigens that protect against tick infestation and pathogen transmission could help reduce acaricide use and the associated drawbacks (Parizi et al, 2012a;Willadsen, 2008;Imamura et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with cyclin-dependent kinase tick antigen confers protection against Ixodes infestation

Gomes¹,

Moraes

Githaka

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with cyclin-dependent kinase tick antigen confers protection against Ixodes infestation

Gomes¹,

Moraes

Githaka

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Polyvalent vaccines against micro-organisms or human tumors have been shown to have increased effectiveness compared with vaccines with a single antigenic determinant [9–11]. However, this issue remains controversial and it has been shown that multiantigen cocktails can be inferior to preparations containing a single determinant [12]. In order for such preparations to stimulate significant immunity, HSP immunotherapy approaches need to ensure three main effects, including [13]:

A significant population of tumor responsive lymphocytes in the host under treatment

Activated T cells capable of penetrating the tumor microvasculature and encountering tumor cells

A population of fully activated T lymphocytes armed for killing tumor cells

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat shock proteins and cancer vaccines: developments in the past decade and chaperoning in the decade to come

Murshid

Gong

Stevenson

et al. 2011

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Molecular chaperone–peptide complexes extracted from tumors (heat shock protein [HSP] vaccines) have been intensively studied in the preceding two decades, proving to be safe and effective in treating a number of malignant diseases. They offer personalized therapy and target a cross-section of antigens expressed in patients' tumors. Future advances may rely on understanding the molecular underpinnings of this approach to immunotherapy. One property common to HSP vaccines is the ability to stimulate antigen uptake by scavenger receptors on the antigen-presenting cell surface and trigger T-lymphocyte activation. HSPs can also induce signaling through Toll-Like receptors in a range of immune cells and this may mediate the effectiveness of vaccines.

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“…However, there was no evidence at all for increased efficacy of a Bm86 plus 5′ nucleotidase vaccine compared to Bm86 alone. It is important although that the number of examples of experimental anti‐parasite vaccination where multi‐antigen formulations have actually been shown to give increased protection is very small indeed (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental vaccination of sheep and cattle against tick infestation using recombinant 5′-nucleotidase

Hope

Jiang

Gough

et al. 2010

Parasite Immunology

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Limited prior evidence suggests that 5′-nucleotidase, an ectoenzyme principally located in the Malpighian tubules of the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, could be an effective antigen in an anti-tick vaccine. To assess this, recombinant 5′-nucleotidase was expressed in Escherichia coli and used in vaccination trials with both sheep and cattle. Vaccinated sheep were challenged with freshly moulted adult ticks. Those with high titres of anti-nucleotidase antibodies showed significant protection against tick infestation, although protection was less than that found with the previously characterized antigen, Bm86. Cattle were vaccinated, in separate groups, with 5′-nucleotidase, Bm86 and both antigens combined. Cattle, as the natural host, were challenged with larval ticks. Although Bm86 showed typical efficacy, no significant protection was seen in cattle vaccinated with 5′-nucleotidase. Cattle receiving a dual antigen formulation were no better protected than those receiving Bm86 alone. One possible reason for the difference between host species, namely antibody titre, was examined and shown to be an unlikely explanation. This demonstrates a limitation of using a model host like sheep in vaccine studies.

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Antigen cocktails: valid hypothesis or unsubstantiated hope?

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Vaccination with cyclin-dependent kinase tick antigen confers protection against Ixodes infestation

Vaccination with cyclin-dependent kinase tick antigen confers protection against Ixodes infestation

Heat shock proteins and cancer vaccines: developments in the past decade and chaperoning in the decade to come

Experimental vaccination of sheep and cattle against tick infestation using recombinant 5′-nucleotidase

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