Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the ‘Neglected Diseases Initiative’

Savioli, Lorenzo; Smith, H. V.; Thompson, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2006.02.015

Cited by 706 publications

(590 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The high prevalence of infection with Giardia duodenalis (syn. lamblia, intestinalis) has earned this cosmopolitan parasite a spot on the World Health Organization's "Neglected Diseases Initiative" (Savioli et al, 2006). Ample evidence suggests that Giardia, which has been found in all classes of vertebrates examined to date, has great potential for zoonotic transmission (Caccio et al, 2005).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Heightened Enterocytic Apoptosis and Anti-apopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of enteric infections withGiardia duodenalis

Buret

2008

Parasite

117

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Summary :Giardia is the most prevalent human intestinal parasitic protist in the world, and one of the most common parasite of companion animals and young livestock. Giardia is a major cause of diarrhea in children and in travelers. The host-microbial interactions that govern the outcome of infection remain incompletely understood. Findings available to date indicate that the infection causes diarrhea via a combination of intestinal malabsorption and hypersecretion. Malabsorption and maldigestion mainly result from a diffuse shortening of epithelial microvilli. This enterocytic injury is mediated by activated host T lymphocytes. Pathophysiological activation of lymphocytes is secondary to Giardia-induced disruption of epithelial tight junctions, which in turn increases intestinal permeability. Loss of epithelial barrier function is a result of Giardia-induced enterocyte apoptosis. Recent findings suggest that these effects may facilitate the development of chronic enteric disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and allergies, via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. A newly discovered SGLT-1 glucose uptake-mediated host cytoprotective mechanism may represent an effective modulator of the epithelial apoptosis induced by this parasite, and, possibly, by other enteropathogens. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of giardiasis will shed light on new potential therapeutic targets.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Heightened Enterocytic Apoptosis and Anti-apopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of enteric infections withGiardia duodenalis

Buret

2008

Parasite

117

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“…is now recognized to contribute to the global diseases burden in children (Kotloff et al 2013;Natchu and Bhatnagar 2013). Indeed, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are now recognized as neglected tropical parasitic diseases (Savioli et al 2006). It is thus essential to identify the reservoirs of these parasites (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

et al. 2015

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Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are now recognized as neglected tropical parasitic diseases. The risk of their dissemination in developing countries, such as Gabon, is increasing, due to urban crowding and poor sanitation. Accurate, simple and rapid diagnosis tools are thus necessary for the estimation of their real burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Cryptosporidium (C.) spp. and Giardia (G.) duodenalis in children living in Libreville, Gabon. Stool samples of 173 healthy children were screened by routine microscopic using the merthiolate iodine formol concentration technique for Giardia, the modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining for Cryptosporidium and the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia RDT for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium parasite forms and antigens respectively. G. duodenalis was detected with microscopy and the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia in 27 (15.6 %) and 22 (13.3 %) fecal samples respectively. C. spp. oocysts were found in 18 (10.4 %) ones, whereas only one sample was positive with the immunochromatographic assay. When microscopic examination was considered as the reference method, sensitivity and specificity of the Immunocard-STAT Ò Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay were found to be 63.0 %, 96.6 and 5.5 %, 99.3 % for G. duodenalis and C. spp. respectively. The prevalence of G. duodenalis and C. spp. carriage is high in children from Libreville. A low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT Ò Crypto/Giardia for the detection of both parasites is observed. It is thus inappropriate as a diagnostic tool for detecting asymptomatic carriers.

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“…Giardia has recently been included in the World Health organization's 'Neglected Diseases Initiative' that refers to a group of diseases that impair the ability to achieve full potential and impair development and socioeconomic improvements (Savioli et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission cycles of Giardia duodenalis in dogs and humans in Temple communities in Bangkok—A critical evaluation of its prevalence using three diagnostic tests in the field in the absence of a gold standard

et al. 2009

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Page 1

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Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the ‘Neglected Diseases Initiative’

Cited by 706 publications

References 34 publications

Pathophysiology of enteric infections withGiardia duodenalis

Pathophysiology of enteric infections withGiardia duodenalis

Low sensitivity of the ImmunocardSTAT® Crypto/Giardia Rapid Assay test for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in fecal samples from children living in Libreville, Central Africa

Transmission cycles of Giardia duodenalis in dogs and humans in Temple communities in Bangkok—A critical evaluation of its prevalence using three diagnostic tests in the field in the absence of a gold standard

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