Symbiosis and pathogenesis: What determines the difference?

Hayashi, Makoto; Parniske, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2014.07.008

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the best known characteristics of these events is the suppression of plant defense responses to avoid rejection of the invading rhizobia. How rhizobia use signal molecules to evade host defense has been discussed in previous publications (Soto et al ., ; Saeki, ; Hayashi & Parniske, ). Here, we described a M. truncatula nad1 mutant that forms nitrogen‐fixation deficient nodules with defense‐like responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE 1 is required for maintenance of rhizobial endosymbiosis in Medicago truncatula

Wang

Luo

et al. 2016

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The symbiotic interaction between legume plants and rhizobia results in the formation of root nodules, in which symbiotic plant cells host and harbor thousands of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Here, a Medicago truncatula nodules with activated defense 1 (nad1) mutant was identified using reverse genetics methods. The mutant phenotype was characterized using cell and molecular biology approaches. An RNA-sequencing technique was used to analyze the transcriptomic reprogramming of nad1 mutant nodules. In the nad1 mutant plants, rhizobial infection and propagation in infection threads are normal, whereas rhizobia and their symbiotic plant cells become necrotic immediately after rhizobia are released from infection threads into symbiotic cells of nodules. Defense-associated responses were detected in nad1 nodules. NAD1 is specifically present in root nodule symbiosis plants with the exception of Morus notabilis, and the transcript is highly induced in nodules. NAD1 encodes a small uncharacterized protein with two predicted transmembrane helices and is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data demonstrate a positive role for NAD1 in the maintenance of rhizobial endosymbiosis during nodulation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE 1 is required for maintenance of rhizobial endosymbiosis in Medicago truncatula

Wang

Luo

et al. 2016

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, plants have developed symbiotic relationships based on a fair nutrient exchange ( Kiers et al, 2011 ). Understanding how plants can discriminate between friends and foes is a crucial question in plant biology ( Hayashi and Parniske, 2014 ; Bonfante and Genre, 2015 ) with a direct effect on agricultural practices. On the pathogen side, a big effort has been invested in the study of fungal and bacterial effectors and plant receptors, focusing on the modulation of plant immunity, plant disease resistance and its application in modern agriculture ( Dodds and Rathjen, 2010 ; Macho and Zipfel, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Lotus japonicus root transcriptomic responses to symbiotic and pathogenic fungal exudates

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study is to evaluate Lotus japonicus transcriptomic responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) germinated spore exudates (GSEs), responsible for activating nuclear Ca2+ spiking in plant root epidermis. A microarray experiment was performed comparing gene expression in Lotus rootlets treated with GSE or water after 24 and 48 h. The transcriptional pattern of selected genes that resulted to be regulated in the array was further evaluated upon different treatments and timings. In particular, Lotus rootlets were treated with: GSE from the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum trifolii; short chitin oligomers (COs; acknowledged AM fungal signals) and long COs (as activators of pathogenic responses). This experimental set up has revealed that AM GSE generates a strong transcriptomic response in Lotus roots with an extensive defense-related response after 24 h and a subsequent down-regulation after 48 h. A similar subset of defense-related genes resulted to be up-regulated also upon treatment with C. trifolii GSE, although with an opposite trend. Surprisingly, long COs activated both defense-like and symbiosis-related genes. Among the genes regulated in the microarray, promoter-GUS assay showed that LjMATE1 activates in epidermal cells and root hairs.

show abstract

“…Recently, intense efforts are made to define the elements that allow plants to distinguish between potential symbionts and pathogens and to elucidate the plant-fungi cross-talk. Studying signals exchanged in the rhizosphere by plants and fungi is thus significantly important ( Bonfante and Genre, 2010 ; Antolín-Llovera et al, 2014 ; Hayashi and Parniske, 2014 ). The role of SL in this process has been proposed previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Strigolactone in the Cross-Talk Between Arabidopsis thaliana and the Endophytic Fungus Mucor sp.

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last years the role of fungal endophytes in plant biology has been extensively studied. A number of species were shown to positively affect plant growth and fitness, thus attempts have been made to utilize these microorganisms in agriculture and phytoremediation. Plant-fungi symbiosis requires multiple metabolic adjustments of both of the interacting organisms. The mechanisms of these adaptations are mostly unknown, however, plant hormones seem to play a central role in this process. The plant hormone strigolactone (SL) was previously shown to activate hyphae branching of mycorrhizal fungi and to negatively affect pathogenic fungi growth. Its role in the plant–endophytic fungi interaction is unknown. The effect of the synthetic SL analog GR24 on the endophytic fungi Mucor sp. growth, respiration, H2O2 production and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated. We found fungi colony growth rate was decreased in a GR24 concentration dependent manner. Additionally, the fungi accumulated more H2O2 what was accompanied by an altered activity of antioxidant enzymes. Symbiosis with Mucor sp. positively affected Arabidopsis thaliana growth, but SL was necessary for the establishment of the beneficial interaction. A. thaliana biosynthesis mutants max1 and max4, but not the SL signaling mutant max2 did not develop the beneficial phenotype. The negative growth response was correlated with alterations in SA homeostasis and a significant upregulation of genes encoding selected plant defensins. The fungi were also shown to be able to decompose SL in planta and to downregulate the expression of SL biosynthesis genes. Additionally, we have shown that GR24 treatment with a dose of 1 μM activates the production of SA in A. thaliana. The results presented here provide evidence for a role of SL in the plant–endophyte cross-talk during the mutualistic interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Mucor sp.

show abstract

Symbiosis and pathogenesis: What determines the difference?

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE 1 is required for maintenance of rhizobial endosymbiosis in Medicago truncatula

NODULES WITH ACTIVATED DEFENSE 1 is required for maintenance of rhizobial endosymbiosis in Medicago truncatula

Early Lotus japonicus root transcriptomic responses to symbiotic and pathogenic fungal exudates

The Role of Strigolactone in the Cross-Talk Between Arabidopsis thaliana and the Endophytic Fungus Mucor sp.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About