Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer’s disease

Abate, Giulia; Vezzoli, Marika; Sandri, Marco; Rungratanawanich, Wiramon; Memo, Maurizio; Uberti, Daniela

doi:10.1016/j.mad.2020.111385

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 156 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chronic systemic OxS stimulates a cascade of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which impairs the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and contributes to lipid peroxidation, oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids, brain cell damage, and even cell death. Nevertheless, a thin line separates the harmful from beneficial ROS effects, depending on redox balance: they not only act as damaging agents, but also participate in cellular signaling and regulation [ 9 ]. In fact, polyphenol benefits have been partly attributed to their pro-oxidant activities [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Foods Rich in Antioxidants and Human Cognition: A Systematic Review

Baroni¹,

Sarni²,

Zuliani

2021

Antioxidants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxidative stress can compromise central nervous system integrity, thereby affecting cognitive ability. Consumption of plant foods rich in antioxidants could thereby protect cognition. We systematically reviewed the literature exploring the effects of antioxidant-rich plant foods on cognition. Thirty-one studies were included: 21 intervention, 4 cross-sectional (one with a cohort in prospective observation as well), and 6 prospective studies. Subjects belonged to various age classes (young, adult, and elderly). Some subjects examined were healthy, some had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and some others were demented. Despite the different plant foods and the cognitive assessments used, the results can be summarized as follows: 7 studies reported a significant improvement in all cognitive domains examined; 19 found significant improvements only in some cognitive areas, or only for some food subsets; and 5 showed no significant improvement or no effectiveness. The impact of dietary plant antioxidants on cognition appears promising: most of the examined studies showed associations with significant beneficial effects on cognitive functions—in some cases global or only in some specific domains. There was typically an acute, preventive, or therapeutic effect in young, adult, and elderly people, whether they were healthy, demented, or affected by MCI. Their effects, however, are not attributable only to anti-oxidation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Foods Rich in Antioxidants and Human Cognition: A Systematic Review

Baroni¹,

Sarni²,

Zuliani

2021

Antioxidants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, others have observed the beneficial effects of ROS on mitochondria and in various cellular pathways [38,39]. Low levels of ROS are shown to have beneficial effects while high levels of ROS are associated with AD, suggesting a threshold determines whether ROS is beneficial or harmful [40]. The low levels of ROS regulate various cellular pathways, such as H 2 O 2 regulating various signaling pathways with proteins containing cysteine residues [41].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nrf2 in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease

Davies

Adlimoghaddam

Albensi

2021

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that reduces oxidative stress. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are detected, Nrf2 translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which regulates the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. Nrf2 impairments are observed in the majority of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The classic hallmarks of AD include β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Oxidative stress is observed early in AD and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 is impaired in AD compared to controls. Increased oxidative stress is associated with impaired memory and synaptic plasticity. The administration of Nrf2 activators reverses memory and synaptic plasticity impairments in rodent models of AD. Therefore, Nrf2 activators are a potential novel therapeutic for neurodegenerative disorders including AD.

show abstract

“…Mitochondrial ETC dysfunction was already described in several cellular and transgenic mouse models of AD [ 43 , 45 , 46 ]. However, it is worth considering that Cu-exposure additionally exacerbates the activity of several proteins associated with the mitochondrial ETC complexes ( Table 1 and Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Mitochondrial Proteome Altered Upon Copper Exposure In Ad Identified By Proteomics Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Interplay between Copper Toxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Tassone

Kola

Valensin

et al. 2021

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide, a number expected to exponentially increase in the future since no effective treatments are available so far. AD is characterized by severe cognitive dysfunctions associated with neuronal loss and connection disruption, mainly occurring in specific brain areas such as the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and amygdala, compromising memory, language, reasoning, and social behavior. Proteomics and redox proteomics are powerful techniques used to identify altered proteins and pathways in AD, providing relevant insights on cellular pathways altered in the disease and defining novel targets exploitable for drug development. Here, we review the main results achieved by both -omics techniques, focusing on the changes occurring in AD mitochondria under oxidative stress and upon copper exposure. Relevant information arises by the comparative analysis of these results, evidencing alterations of common mitochondrial proteins, metabolic cycles, and cascades. Our analysis leads to three shared mitochondrial proteins, playing key roles in metabolism, ATP generation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Their potential as targets for development of innovative AD treatments is thus suggested. Despite the relevant efforts, no effective drugs against AD have been reported so far; nonetheless, various compounds targeting mitochondria have been proposed and investigated, reporting promising results.

show abstract

Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 31 publications

References 156 publications

Plant Foods Rich in Antioxidants and Human Cognition: A Systematic Review

Plant Foods Rich in Antioxidants and Human Cognition: A Systematic Review

Role of Nrf2 in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease

Dynamic Interplay between Copper Toxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About