Eucalyptus Globulus protects against diclofenac sodium induced hepatorenal and testicular toxicity in male rats

Abstract

The current study was conducted to investigate the protective properties of Eucalyptus globulus leaves methanolic extract (EGLME) against diclofenac sodium (DS) induced hepatorenal and testicular toxicity in male rats. A total of 40 rats were equally divided into 4 groups, Control, Diclofenac sodium (DS), EGLME and DS + EGLME groups, respectively. DS and EGLME were administered orally at dose rate 2.5 and 100 mg/kg BW, 4 times/week for 8 weeks, respectively. Administration of DS distorted hepatorenal functions manifested by alteration of serum levels of ALT, AST, total protein and albumin, creatinine and urea with changes of histological architectures. DS caused reproductive toxicity represented by minimized sperm count, individual sperm motility and viability; depleted concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in testicular tissue; and decreased testosterone level with alteration in testicular histological features. In contrast, co-treatment of DS intoxicated rats with EGLME protected rats against the adverse effects of DS revealing enhancing properties of EGLME on rats’ liver, kidney and testes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that EGLME had a potent protecting property against DS induced hepatic, renal and testicular toxicity in male rats, with special concern to testicular tissue via modulation of GSH as an oxidant marker. Taxonomy (classification by EVISE): Diclofenac sodium toxicity (hepatorenal and testicular toxicity), co-treatment with natural herbal extract, blood biochemical assays, tissue anti-oxidants assay, histopathology and reproductive indices analyses.

Chitosan/Selenium Nanoparticles Attenuate Diclofenac Sodium-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Rats

“…Diclofenac monosodium (Diclo-Na) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has high biological activity, is analgesic, and is a potential inhibitor of pain and rheumatic inflammation [1]. Diclofenac is used globally for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and degenerative joint diseases [2].…”

Methanolic extract of Chlorella vulgaris protects against sodium nitrite‐induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

“…Percentages of motile sperm cells subjectively were evaluated using high‐power magnification (40×) with the help of a phase‐contrast microscope provided by the hot stage (Mousa et al., 2019; Osama et al., 2018; Saber, Abd El‐Aziz, & Ali, 2016). About 10 µl of sperm suspension was allocated in Neubauer chamber and used to evaluate the total sperm count as described by Yari et al (2016).…”

Effect of diclofenac on semen quality: A review

“…Also, in male rats, diclofenac, orally administered at 1 mg/kg of body weight for 21 days, caused a significant reduction in testosterone gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone, which is a hormone secreted from the hypothalamus and triggers the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone from the pituitary (Adeyemi et al., 2019). Further, male rats orally administered diclofenac sodium at 2.5 mg/kg of body weight, 4 times per week, had lower serum testosterone level compared with the control (Mousa et al., 2019). Furthermore, male fish Hoplias malabaricus intraperitoneally injected with diclofenac at 20 μg/kg (12 doses) had lower levels of testosterone compared with the control (Guiloski et al., 2015).…”

“…For example, in male rats, diclofenac supplementation at 1 mg/kg of body weight, for 3 weeks, caused a reduction in total antioxidant activity and activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase and a significant elevation in the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (Adeyemi et al., 2019). Another in vivo study on male rats found that diclofenac administration at 2.5 mg/kg of body weight, 4 times per week, for 8 weeks, decreased the normal level of reduced glutathione in the testicular tissues (Mousa et al., 2019). Moreover, male rats administered diclofenac at 10 mg/kg, for two weeks, had lower levels of reduced glutathione and glutathione‐dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione S‐ transferase) as well as reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide) dismutase in their epididymal and testicular tissues (Owumi et al., 2020).…”