Evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using magnetic resonance in obese children and adolescents

Benetolo, Patrícia O.; Fernandes, Maria Inez Machado; Ciampo, Ieda Regina Lopes Del; Elias, Jorge; Sawamura, Regina

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.12.010

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The third limitation is the lack of serum metabolic markers. Studies have found that NAFLD is associated with serum lipid, liver enzyme, glucose, and insulin levels[12,37]. However, we did not collect blood samples from the participants to assess these risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of multi-echo Dixon sequence in quantification of hepatic steatosis in Chinese children and adolescents

Zhao

Gan

Zhou

et al. 2019

WJG

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BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the outstanding cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents, especially in overweight and obese groups. Liver biopsy is the reference standard to diagnose NAFLD but invasive, thus it is not the best choice in clinical diagnosis and follow-up. Magnetic resonance (MR) is widely used in clinical trials to noninvasively quantify liver fat content in adults and children in foreign countries. While currently, it is rarely used in Chinese children and adolescents. We postulated that quantifying hepatic steatosis by MR could be extended to children and adolescents in China. AIM To investigate the accuracy of MR imaging (MRI) in quantifying liver fat with MR spectroscopy (MRS) as a reference. A secondary goal was to assess the prevalence of NAFLD in overweight and obese Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS There were 86 children and adolescents enrolled in this study, including 65 overweight and obese children and 21 healthy children. The participants underwent MRI and MRS. MRI and MRS were performed using multi-echo Dixon and HISTO sequences, respectively, to calculate hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed using MRS-PDFF > 5% as the threshold. Spearman’s analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between MRI and MRS. The agreement between these two methods was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS The MRI-PDFF in the MRS region of interest and the entire liver was 9.9% ± 10.3% with a range of 0.3%-39.9%, and 10.6% ± 9.4% with a range of 1.9%-38.9%, respectively. The MRS-PDFF was 9.1% ± 10.0%, with a range of 0.5%-37.8%. The incidence of hepatic steatosis detected by MRS-PDFF was 46.5% (40/86) of all participants, all of whom belonged to the overweight and obese group. Spearman’s analysis indicated an excellent correlation between multi-echo Dixon and MRS ( r > 0.9, P < 0.01). Bland-Altman analysis also demonstrated a good agreement between these two methods. CONCLUSION Multi-echo Dixon shows an excellent correlation and agreement with MRS in quantifying liver fat content and could be a potential tool to detect hepatic steatosis in Chinese children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of multi-echo Dixon sequence in quantification of hepatic steatosis in Chinese children and adolescents

Zhao

Gan

Zhou

et al. 2019

WJG

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“…In addition, as the improvement of leptin and adiponectin levels was confirmed when BSE was administered, BSE seems to be helpful in obesity-induced diabetes and dietary disorders [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. It was also confirmed that BSE can help improve fatty liver due to obesity by reducing ALT and AST, which can reduce fatty liver due to obesity by inhibiting differentiation into fatty liver and reducing lipid accumulation [ 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Obesity Effect of Hot Water Extract of Barley Sprout through the Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Growth

et al. 2021

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Barley sprouts are known to have several effective physiological activities. In this study, the anti-obesity effect of a barley sprout hot water extract (BSE) was confirmed. Saponarin was quantitatively analyzed in BSE using HPLC, and the inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation into adipocytes was confirmed by Oil Red O staining, TG assay, and Western blotting. In addition, the inhibitory effect of BSE on adipocyte growth was confirmed through glucose uptake and lipolysis of adipocytes. C57/BL/6N mice were induced to obesity with a high-fat diet, and BSE was administered to confirm the effect on an animal model. Weight gain, morphological changes in adipose tissue, changes in the food efficiency ratio, and blood biochemical changes were observed, and an improvement effect on fatty liver was confirmed. As a result, the anti-obesity effect of BSE was confirmed in vitro, and it was confirmed that this effect was also effective in vivo and that it could be helpful in the treatment of obesity-related diseases.

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“…NAFLD/MAFLD annual rate of change in prevalence from the Global Burden of Disease Studies (GBD) 1990–2019 and estimated prevalence from other studies (14–26). * biopsy; † liver ultrasound; ‡ MRI; § liver enzymes; ¶ autopsy.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Children

Rupasinghe,

Hind,

Hegarty

2023

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology &Amp; Nutrition

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The obesity epidemic is one of the major health concerns of the 21 st century. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked with the increased adiposity associated with obesity. NAFLD has become the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) also known in children as paediatric fatty liver disease type 2 has begun to supersede NAFLD as the preferred nomenclature in the paediatric population. Evidence suggests the aetiology of MAFLD is multifactorial, related to the complex interplay of hormonal, nutritional, genetic, and environmental factors. Current limitations in accurate diagnostic biomarkers have rendered it a diagnosis of exclusion and it is important to exclude alternative or co-existing causes of paediatric fatty liver disease. Lifestyle changes and modifications remains the primary treatment modality in MAFLD in children. Weight loss of 7-10% is described as reversing MAFLD in most patients. The Mediterranean diet also shows promise in reversing MAFLD. Pharmacological intervention is debatable in children, and though paediatric trials haven’t shown promise, other agents undergoing adult clinical trials show promise. This review outlines the latest evidence in paediatric MAFLD and its management.

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Evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using magnetic resonance in obese children and adolescents

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Accuracy of multi-echo Dixon sequence in quantification of hepatic steatosis in Chinese children and adolescents

Accuracy of multi-echo Dixon sequence in quantification of hepatic steatosis in Chinese children and adolescents

Anti-Obesity Effect of Hot Water Extract of Barley Sprout through the Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation and Growth

Updates in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Children

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