Varicella zoster virus related deaths and hospitalizations before the introduction of universal vaccination with the tetraviral vaccine

Mota, Alessandra de Martino; Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Aníbal

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2015.10.003

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Some studies found a relatively small decrease in varicella hospitalization rates [6,60,61,66,67,70], possibly due to reduced vaccination coverage and shorter study periods. Recently, Mota et al, who studied VZV-related hospitalizations and mortality in Brazil from 1996 to 2011, showed that average annual mortality rates for varicella in Brazil before vaccine implementation were 0.88/100,000 in infants under 1 year and 0.40/100,000 in children aged 1–4 years [71]. …”

Section: Evidence For Varicella Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella vaccination - the global experience

Wutzler

Bonanni

Burgess

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

133

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Introduction Varicella, although a frequently benign childhood disease, nevertheless represents a considerable health burden. WHO recommends including varicella vaccines in universal routine vaccination programs, and maintaining coverage >80%. Many countries have successfully introduced varicella vaccination and have benefited from lower disease burden, but many others have not adopted the vaccine. Reasons include cost commitment for a ‘mild childhood disease’ or concerns that vaccination will shift varicella to older age groups or increase herpes zoster incidence. Areas covered This literature review summarizes the effectiveness and epidemiological impact of varicella immunization programs. Expert commentary Varicella vaccines are immunogenic with acceptable safety profiles. One and two dose schedules are highly effective against varicella and large reductions in disease incidence, particularly moderate-severe disease, have been widely reported. There is currently no evidence to suggest that the introduction of varicella vaccination results in a shift of varicella disease burden to older age groups. Although epidemiological studies have shown an increased incidence of herpes zoster since the vaccines were launched, there are many other contributing factors, and indeed, this secular trend was evident before their introduction. In conclusion, varicella vaccination easily fits into existing immunization programs and significantly reduces the often underestimated burden of varicella.

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Section: Evidence For Varicella Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella vaccination - the global experience

Wutzler

Bonanni

Burgess

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Vaccines

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…When reactivated later, which can occur at any time of life although it is more frequent at older ages, the virus causes herpes zoster (shingles). 2 Varicella is highly infectious, and secondary cases occurs in 61-100% of susceptible household contacts. 3 Varicella infection is usually mild to moderate in individuals with normal immune function, although even an uncomplicated severe case can result in over 1,000 lesions and severe symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Serious complications of varicella requiring hospitalization can occur, 4 including secondary bacterial infections, central nervous system involvement, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infections. 1,2 Complications can be severe or fatal, even in healthy individuals. 3,5,6 Varicella is associated with a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 62,246 hospitalizations associated with varicella zoster virus were recorded between 2008 and 2013 in Brazil before the introduction of universal vaccination with the tetravalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine. 2 The majority of these varicella-related hospitalizations occurred in children aged < 9 years. 2 The incidence of hospitalized varicella in children aged < 15 years was 15.7 per 100,000 per year in Australia prior to the 1-dose varicella mass vaccination, 7 and the estimated incidence of varicella-related hospitalization was 5.29-6.89 per 100,000 in children aged 0-15 years in Turkey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The majority of these varicella-related hospitalizations occurred in children aged < 9 years. 2 The incidence of hospitalized varicella in children aged < 15 years was 15.7 per 100,000 per year in Australia prior to the 1-dose varicella mass vaccination, 7 and the estimated incidence of varicella-related hospitalization was 5.29-6.89 per 100,000 in children aged 0-15 years in Turkey. 4 Varicella mortality rates in Brazil averaged 0.88 per 100,000 per year in infants aged < 1 year and 0.4 per 100,000 in children aged 1-4 years 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic burden of varicella complications in two referral centers in Mexico

Macías-Parra

Weber

Moreno-Espinosa

et al. 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Varicella-zoster virus causes varicella (chicken-pox), mainly in young children. Most cases are mild but serious complications can occur, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost burden of varicella hospitalizations in two pediatric reference hospitals in Mexico. This retrospective observational study collected data on patients aged <18 years admitted to two third-level referral hospitals in Mexico. Cases were identified from hospital records using International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes 052 Chickenpox, or Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes B01 Varicella (chickenpox). Data on demographic and clinical characteristics and resource use were collected from hospital records. Costs for hospital stay and interventions were obtained from the Mexican Institute for Social Security for 2015 and updated to 2017 costs. A total of 172 hospitalized varicella clinically-confirmed cases and 121 varicella- contacts (with epidemiological linkage to a clinically-confirmed case) were included. Thirty eight of the 172 cases (22.0%) experienced complications. There were no deaths. The median duration of hospitalization was 12 days for cases and 23 days for contacts. The median hospitalization cost was MXN 82,572 (USD 4,434) per case, and MXN 89,453 (USD 4,804) per contact. Although considered a mild disease, varicella was associated with a substantial cost burden in two Mexican third-level referral hospitals.

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