The location of iron and zinc in grain of conventional and biofortified lines of sorghum

Gaddameedi, Anil; Sheraz, Sadia; Kumar, Ashok; Li, Kexue; Pellny, Till K.; Gupta, Rajeev; Wan, Yongfang; Moore, Katie L.; Shewry, Peter R.

doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103531

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…For instance, Govindaraj et al (2016) employed X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and ICP-OES methods for estimating Fe and Zn densities in diverse pearl millet genotypes and identified highly significant and positive correlations between these two advanced techniques for Fe (r = up to 0.97, p<0.01) and Zn (r = up to 0.98, p<0.01) contents. Furthermore, the application of high-resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) allows to qualitatively and quantitatively map the distribution of these micronutrients across the sorghum kernel components (Gaddameedi et al, 2022). Importantly, this knowledge will help reduce the micronutrient loss during seed and food processing.…”

Section: Precision Phenotyping For Grain Micronutrient Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and genomic interventions in crop biofortification: Examples in millets

Kudapa

Barmukh²,

Vemuri³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious threat to the developing world’s human population, which largely relies on a cereal-based diet that lacks diversity and micronutrients. Besides major cereals, millets represent the key sources of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals for people residing in the dryland tropics and drought-prone areas of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Millets serve as multi-purpose crops with several salient traits including tolerance to abiotic stresses, adaptation to diverse agro-ecologies, higher productivity in nutrient-poor soils, and rich nutritional characteristics. Considering the potential of millets in empowering smallholder farmers, adapting to changing climate, and transforming agrifood systems, the year 2023 has been declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Millets. In this review, we highlight recent genetic and genomic innovations that can be explored to enhance grain micronutrient density in millets. We summarize the advances made in high-throughput phenotyping to accurately measure grain micronutrient content in cereals. We shed light on genetic diversity in millet germplasm collections existing globally that can be exploited for developing nutrient-dense and high-yielding varieties to address food and nutritional security. Furthermore, we describe the progress made in the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics with an emphasis on enhancing the grain nutritional content for designing competitive biofortified varieties for the future. Considering the close genetic-relatedness within cereals, upcoming research should focus on identifying the genetic and genomic basis of nutritional traits in millets and introgressing them into major cereals through integrated omics approaches. Recent breakthroughs in the genome editing toolbox would be crucial for mainstreaming biofortification in millets.

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Section: Precision Phenotyping For Grain Micronutrient Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and genomic interventions in crop biofortification: Examples in millets

Kudapa

Barmukh²,

Vemuri³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Unravelling the impact of soil types on zinc, iron, and selenium concentrations in grains and straw of wheat/Amblyopyrum muticum and wheat/Triticum urartu doubled haploid lines

Guwela,

Broadley,

Hawkesford

et al. 2024

Front. Agron.

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The concentration of mineral nutrients in plants is associated with bioavailabilities of soil mineral nutrients, which are regulated by various soil physio-chemical properties. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil type on grain and straw zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) concentrations of wheat/Amblyopyrum muticum and wheat/Triticum urartu doubled haploid lines. A set of 42 treatments in a factorial combination with 21 genotypes and two soil types collected from Ngabu and Chitedze Research Stations in Malawi was laid in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates. Pre-experiment soil Zn and Fe were extracted using DTPA extraction method followed by analysis with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Aqua-regia hotplate acid digestion was used to extract soil Se and analysis was done using ICPM-MS. Grain and straw samples were digested using nitric acid digestion (HNO3) and analysed using ICP-MS. Soil analysis results showed that the two soils had the same textural class (Sandy clay loam), but different mineral concentrations, pH levels and percentage organic matter. Analysis of variance revealed a ~two-fold higher Zn concentration in grains grown in low pH, high Zn soils (Chitedze soils) compared to grains grown in high pH, low Zn soils (Ngabu soils). Variation in grain Zn concentration was associated with the genotypes (p = 0002), soil type (p = <0.0001), and their interaction (p = 0.035). Grain Fe was 1.3-fold higher in low pH than in high pH soils, and it was influenced by genotypes (p = < 0.0001) and soil type (p = <0.0001). Grain Se was highly associated with soil type (p = <0.0001), and it was 30-fold higher in high pH than in low pH soils. Straw Zn was generally higher in plants grown in Chitedze soils than Ngabu soils, whilst straw Se was higher in plants grown in Ngabu soils than Chitedze soils. The findings demonstrate the significance of soil physio-chemical properties for mineral accumulation and distribution to plant parts, thus informing future breeding programs on important considerations on crop genetic biofortification with the three mineral elements.

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Exploiting Indian landraces to develop biofortified grain sorghum with high protein and minerals

Nagesh Kumar,

Ramya,

Maheshwaramma

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the staple cereal and is the primary source of protein for millions of people in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Sorghum grain value has been increasing in tropical countries including India owing to its gluten-free nature, anti-oxidant properties and low glycemic index. However, the nutrient composition of modern cultivars is declining thus necessitating genetic biofortification of sorghum to combat malnutrition and improve nutritional balance in the human diet. Keeping this in view, efforts were made to utilize valuable alleles, associated with nutrient composition, that might have been left behind in the varietal development in sorghum. The study aimed to determine the genetic improvement for nine nutritional and quality parameters (crude protein, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), total iron (Fe), total zinc (Zn), bioavailable Fe (%), bioavailable Zn (%), total phenolics, tannins and antioxidant activity) in the grains of 19 sorghum genotypes (high yield, drought and grain mold tolerant) developed from 11 superior India’s landraces. After selection and advancement made from 2017 to 2022 through single seed descent method, the improvement in the nine nutritional and quality parameters was assessed. Significant variation was observed for all the nine parameters among the landraces and the genotypes. Sorghum genotypes PYPS 2 and PYPS 13 recorded the highest crude protein (13.21 and 12.80% respectively) and IVPD (18.68 and 19.56% respectively). Majority of the sorghum genotypes recorded high Fe (14.21–28.41 mg/100 g) and Zn (4.81–8.16 mg/100 g). High phenolics and antioxidant activity were recorded in sorghum genotypes PYPS 18 (85.65 mg/g gallic acid equivalents) and PYPS 19 (89.78%) respectively. Selections through SSD method revealed highest improvement in genotype PYPS 10 for crude protein (32.25%), total phenolics (18.48%) and antioxidant activity (15.43%). High improvements in genotypes PYPS 12 (23.50%), PYPS 3 (26.79%), PYPS 15 (21.18%) were recorded for total Fe, available Fe and high tannins, respectively. The study demonstrated that landraces could be effectively utilized as a potential, low-cost and eco-friendly approach in sorghum genetic biofortification to improved sorghum productivity and nutritional supply in semi-arid tropics.

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The location of iron and zinc in grain of conventional and biofortified lines of sorghum

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Genetic and genomic interventions in crop biofortification: Examples in millets

Genetic and genomic interventions in crop biofortification: Examples in millets

Unravelling the impact of soil types on zinc, iron, and selenium concentrations in grains and straw of wheat/Amblyopyrum muticum and wheat/Triticum urartu doubled haploid lines

Exploiting Indian landraces to develop biofortified grain sorghum with high protein and minerals

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