Localisation of iron and zinc in grain of biofortified wheat

Wan, Yongfang; Stewart, Theodora J.; Amrahli, Maral; Evans, Jessica; Sharp, Paul; Govindan, Velu; Hawkesford, Malcolm J.; Shewry, Peter R.

doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103470

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Phytic acid, present in these tissues, binds minerals as phytate. Minerals bound to phytate have poor bioavailability ( Wan et al., 2022 ). Fe and Zn in maize primarily accumulate in the scutellum of the embryo during early seed development, with trace amounts detected in the aleurone layer at mature seed stage.…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution And Accumulation Of Fe And Znmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

Dwivedi¹,

Garcia‐Oliveira

Govindaraj

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and the nation’s economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on the agricultural productivity and nutritional quality of food crops. Producing more food with better nutritional quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized in crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers to developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates on nutrient acquisition, transport, and storage in plant organs; the cross-talk between macro- and micronutrients transport and signaling; nutrient profiling and spatial and temporal distribution; the putative and functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Fe, Zn, and β-carotene; and global efforts to breed nutrient-dense crops and map adoption of such crops globally. This article also includes an overview on the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of nutrients as well as the molecular basis of nutrient transport and absorption in human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) and provitamin A-rich cultivars have been released in the Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice and wheat, while ~3 million households in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil eat provitamin A-rich cassava. Furthermore, nutrient profiles can be improved through genetic engineering in an agronomically acceptable genetic background. The development of “Golden Rice” and provitamin A-rich dessert bananas and subsequent transfer of this trait into locally adapted cultivars are evident, with no significant change in nutritional profile, except for the trait incorporated. A greater understanding of nutrient transport and absorption may lead to the development of diet therapy for the betterment of human health.

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Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution And Accumulation Of Fe And Znmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

Dwivedi¹,

Garcia‐Oliveira

Govindaraj

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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show abstract

“…For example, Cd and Zn are mainly found in the bran and aleurone layer, but rarely in the starchy endosperm, which is often consumed. 22 Guttieri et al 23 reported that approximately 50% of Cd and 31% of Zn in wheat grain will be recovered during the milling process, indicating that a greater proportion of Cd is stored in the endosperm (the source of white flour). Therefore, measuring Cd/Zn concentrations in the edible fraction of wheat grain is a more accurate and reliable means of assessing the efficacy of Zn fertilizers after foliar application.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that wheat grain products are the major source of dietary Cd intake for humans in northern China. , Considering the antagonistic effect of foliar-applied Zn on the uptake and transport of Cd in wheat, the coupling of Zn biofortification with foliar Zn fertilizer has been successfully proposed to reduce the health risks of Cd. − However, with regard to the health risks of Cd and Zn biofortification in wheat, it is not entirely accurate to evaluate them using whole grain because of their different spatial distributions and bioavailabilities in wheat grain. For example, Cd and Zn are mainly found in the bran and aleurone layer, but rarely in the starchy endosperm, which is often consumed . Guttieri et al reported that approximately 50% of Cd and 31% of Zn in wheat grain will be recovered during the milling process, indicating that a greater proportion of Cd is stored in the endosperm (the source of white flour).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bespoke ZnO NPs Synthesis Platform to Optimize Their Performance for Improving the Grain Yield, Zinc Biofortification, and Cd Mitigation in Wheat

Lian,

Cheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Nanomaterials (NMs), particularly ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), show great promise in sustainable agriculture for enhancing crop production, mineral nutrition, and food safety. However, custom synthesis of NMs to optimize performance is still a bottleneck. This study synthesized three types of ZnO (NPs) (nZnO-1, nZnO-2, and nZnO-3) with different particle size, charge, and dissolution properties and were foliar-applied to wheat under field conditions. Foliar application of nZnO-3 significantly increased wheat grain by 15.2% and biological yield by 9.5% compared to that of the unamended control. Both nZnO-2 and nZnO-3 significantly improved the Zn content in whole wheat grain (21.0 and 15.6%, respectively) and starchy endosperm (31.8 and 13.1%, respectively), enhanced the Zn bioavailability (40.9 and 43.3%, respectively), and increased the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Zn (55.1 and 23.8%, respectively). Impressively, nZnO-3 also significantly reduced Cd concentration in whole wheat grain (17.2%) although it did not affect the Cd level in wheat flour. Additionally, all Zn treatments increased the levels of crude protein (5.2−15.7%) and other nutrients (e.g., S, Fe, Mn) in wheat grains. These findings underscore the potential of tailored ZnO NPs in wheat biofortification and point toward a sustainable approach for agricultural production through a controlled synthesis platform.

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Prioritizing strategies for wheat biofortification: Inspiration from underutilized species

Ali,

Hakeem,

Wiehle

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Localisation of iron and zinc in grain of biofortified wheat

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots

Bespoke ZnO NPs Synthesis Platform to Optimize Their Performance for Improving the Grain Yield, Zinc Biofortification, and Cd Mitigation in Wheat

Prioritizing strategies for wheat biofortification: Inspiration from underutilized species

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