A soft template approach to various porous nanostructures from conjugated carbazole-based monomers

Tunable Nanoporous Structures with Rose Petal Effect by Soft‐Template Electropolymerization of Benzotrithiophene Monomers

“…The peak during the back scans between À 0.5 and 0 V was found to be the reaction: 2 H 2 O + 2 e À !H 2 (bubbles) + 2 OH À . [28] This peak is more present, as expected, in CH 2 Cl 2 + H 2 O but the increase in not the same with all monomers.…”

“…The soft-template electropolymerization was reported as a very nice strategy to prepare on substrates ordered porous structures such as nanotubes. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The electropolymerization of pyrrole directly in water (H 2 O) was very studied in the literature. [20][21][22][23][24] Depending on the deposition method it is possible to form on the substrate gas bubbles (O 2 and/or H 2 ) acting as soft-template for the growth of nanotubes.…”

“…Because most of the monomers are not soluble in water, this process was pursued in organic solvent. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In organic solvent, H 2 O can be added in solution for releasing on the substrate gas bubbles acting also as soft-template for the preparation of porous structures and H 2 O content as a huge influence, especially on the numbers of nanotubes. The influence of H 2 O content was determined by comparing the results obtained in dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) and in dichloromethane saturated with water, called (CH 2 Cl 2 + H 2 O).…”

Micellar formation by soft template electropolymerization in organic solvents

“…While the prior examples were isolated to aqueous systems, soft template electropolymerizations can also be performed in organic solvents, particularly dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and with various conductive monomers including thiophene-based derivatives [23][24][25][26][27][28]. The suggested mechanism for nanostructure formation in organic solvents relies on the generation of gas bubbles by trace water oxidation or reduction.…”

Designing Tunable Omniphobic Surfaces by Controlling the Electropolymerization Sites of Carbazole‐Based Monomers

“…[22][23][24] Recently, electropolymerization of highly conjugated carbazole derivatives have also shown ordered nanostructures, despite of their known high solubility and multiple polymerization sites. [25,26] These monomers have already been widely studied for their electronic, optic, and electrochromic properties for sensors, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) or photovoltaic applications. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Their electropolymerization leads to various nanostructures from fibers and nanoparticles networks to even vertically aligned nanotubes.…”