Epidemiological and cytogenetic profiles of patients with hematological malignancies and their relationship with aging

Abstract

BackgroundHematologic neoplasms are associated with mutations in hematopoietic cells and chromosomal abnormalities. During aging, about 2–3% of the elderly have chromosomal abnormalities arising from clonal mosaicism, the immune system is impaired and the bone marrow loses its ability to replace blood cells.ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological and cytogenetic profile of hematological malignancies, highlighting the frequency of chromosomal alterations in these neoplasms associated with aging.MethodA retrospective cross-sectional study with analysis of karyotype exams results was performed in the Cytogenetic Laboratory of thee Blood Center of the Faculdade de Medicina de Marilia (FAMEMA) between 1998 and 2016. Blood samples from child and adult patients with different hematological malignancies treated in the Onco-hematology Outpatient Clinics of the local blood center and hospitals, and external clinics were tested.ResultsKaryotype exam results of 746 patients with a mean age of 54.7 years (±23.1) were analyzed. The elderly had the highest frequency of hematological malignancies (50.9%), followed by adults (38.3%) and young people (10.7%); elderly women had the highest percentage (55.0%). Normal karyotypes (46,XX/46,XY) were more common (61.8%) compared to abnormal karyotypes, especially among the elderly (56.4%). Myeloproliferative neoplasms were an exception with 67.4% of abnormal karyotypes.ConclusionThere is a higher frequency of hematological malignancies among the elderly. It is possible to conclude that failures in genomic mechanisms and hematopoiesis with aging lead to the formation of cells with the chromosomal alterations found in hematological malignancies.

Age and cytogenetic abnormalities

“… 5 The paper by Alves et al presents very interesting data and discussion about the influence and mechanisms associated to frequency, gender, diagnosis and prognosis of onco-hematological diseases and aging. 1 Moreover, we can see the most frequent CA observed by the authors in a single Brazilian University Laboratory.…”

“…In a retrospective analysis of a large sample (746 patients) over 18 years of observation and including several types of onco-hematological diseases in patients of all ages, the authors investigated the influence of age on the frequency of CA. 1 The authors found a higher frequency of hematological malignancies among elderly patients, about 51%, followed by adult (38%) and young patients (about of 11%). The authors reported that “it is possible to conclude that failures in genomic mechanisms and hematopoiesis with aging lead to the formation of cells with the chromosomal alterations found in hematological malignancies”.…”

Estado nutricional e capacidade funcional de pacientes com tumores sólidos e hematológicos internados em um hospital de referência do Distrito Federal

“…Os tumores malignos podem ser divididos de acordo com sua origem. Assim, tumores que afetam as linhagens de células sanguíneas são conhecidos como tumores hematológicos (THs) e os tumores caracterizados por aglomeração de células neoplásicas, são os chamados de tumores sólidos (TSs) (Alves et al, 2018;INCA, 2020). Mesmo com diferentes origens, os tumores acarretam várias alterações no metabolismo, causando impactos na qualidade de vida do indivíduo (INCA, 2020).…”