Wide-gene expression analysis of lipid-relevant genes in nutritionally challenged gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Abstract

Disturbances of lipid metabolism are a major problem in livestock fish and the present study analysed the different tissue expression patterns and regulations of 40 lipid-relevant genes in gilthead sea bream. Nineteen sequences, including fatty acid elongases (4), phospholipases (7), acylglycerol lipases (8) and lipase-maturating enzymes (1), were new for gilthead sea bream (GenBank, JX975700-JX975718JX975700JX975701JX975702JX975703JX975704JX975705JX975706JX975707JX975708JX975709JX975710JX975711JX975712JX975713JX975714JX975715JX975716JX975717JX975718). Up to six different lipase-related enzymes were highly expressed in adipose tissue and liver, which also showed a high expression level of Δ6 and Δ9 desaturases. In the brain, the greatest gene expression level was achieved by the very long chain fatty acid elongation 1, along with relatively high levels of Δ9 desaturases and the phospholipase retinoic acid receptor responder. These two enzymes were also expressed at a high level in white skeletal muscle, which also shared a high expression of lipid oxidative enzymes. An overall down-regulation trend was observed in liver and adipose tissue in response to fasting following the depletion of lipid stores. The white skeletal muscle of fasted fish showed a strong down-regulation of Δ9 desaturases in conjunction with a consistent up-regulation of the "lipolytic machinery" including key enzymes of tissue fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation. In contrast, the gene expression profile of the brain remained almost unaltered in fasted fish, which highlights the different tissue plasticity of lipid-related genes. Taken together, these findings provide new fish genomic resources and contribute to define the most informative set of lipid-relevant genes for a given tissue and physiological condition in gilthead sea bream.

Molecular adaptations of glucose and lipid metabolism to different levels of dietary carbohydrates in juvenile Japanese flounderParalichthys olivaceus

“…HSL is the rate‐limiting enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of TG (Holm, ). Moreover, CPT1A and HADH are deemed as the main regulatory enzymes in fatty acid oxidation (Benedito‐Palos, Ballester‐Lozano, & Pérez‐Sánchez, ; Kerner & Hoppel, ). For this study, the mRNA levels of acaca and fasn , and FAS activity were up‐regulated when fish were fed higher dietary starch levels, which were positively correlated with lipid deposition in liver.…”

Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Functional Specialization along the Intestinal Tract of a Carnivorous Teleostean Fish (Dicentrarchus labrax)

“…This database has been built as previously reported for gilthead sea bream (http://www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb) (Calduch-Giner et al, 2013), and offers the possibility for data requisition by several Blast options or direct word searches for annotated names or gene ontology terms. These genomic resources are useful tools for functional phenotyping of Mediterranean farmed fish and have been used to develop several pathway-focused PCR arrays for the simultaneous and semi-automated profiling of selected markers of mitochondria function and biogenesis (Bermejo-Nogales et al, 2014, 2015), lipid metabolism (Benedito-Palos et al, 2013, 2014), immune response (Pérez-Cordón et al, 2014; Pérez-Sánchez et al, 2015), and muscle growth (Benedito-Palos et al, 2016) in gilthead sea bream, and lipid metabolism in European sea bass (Rimoldi et al, 2016). In the current study, this knowledge has been used to design and validate a high density oligo-microarray, enriched in actively transcribed genes of the intestinal tract.…”

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd1a) is epigenetically regulated by broodstock nutrition in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

“…3). The scd1a is also highly responsive in gilthead sea bream to changes in nutrient availability [75,76]. More recently, experimental data supported a differential regulation of scd1a in liver and skeletal muscle in a fish strain with a high growth potentiality [11].…”