A novel hybrid consisting of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) coating on a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) surface (MoS 2 -TNT) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The MoS 2 , TNTs, and MoS 2 -TNT hybrid were incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to study their effects on its thermal performance and flame retardancy. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the char yield at 700 8C of EP-MoS 2 -TNTs was obviously increased compared with that of the EP-MoS 2 or EP-TNTs; this indicated that MoS 2 -TNTs had a good carbonization effect. The limiting oxygen index, cone calorimetry, and smoke density tests showed that MoS 2 -TNTs effectively improved the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP. This was attributed to the physical barrier effect of MoS 2 and the adsorption of TNTs. Moreover, the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of the EP-MoS 2 -TNTs were better than those of the EP-MoS 2 or EP-TNTs alone with the same amount of addition; this indicated that there was a synergistic effect between MoS 2 and TNTs.