Acute and chronic effects of clofibrate and clofibric acid on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and catalase of the mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki

Nunes, Bruno; Carvalho, Félix; Guilhermino, Lúcia

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.018

Cited by 75 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As reported by Nunes et al [20], peroxisome proliferation would be expected to increase liver weight and volume. However, specific studies categorically reporting this are difficult to find in the open literature.…”

Section: Liver Sizementioning

confidence: 89%

“…This was concluded from the findings of the 2005 study, and we were sufficiently convinced, so we decided that both ethically and practically, such high concentrations did not warrant repetition. Other data in the literature suggests that weight reduction in fish exposed to CA [20] would be expected at this aquatic concentration of CA. However, it is important to remember that just because one member of a class of drug has an effect, it is not necessarily so that all members have the same effect.…”

Section: Effect Of Clofibric Acidmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The value of repeating studies and multiple controls: replicated 28‐day growth studies of rainbow trout exposed to clofibric acid

Owen

Huggett

Hutchinson

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Two studies to examine the effect of waterborne clofibric acid (CA) on growth-rate and condition of rainbow trout were conducted using accepted regulatory tests (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] 215). The first study (in 2005) showed significant reductions after 21 d of exposure (21-d growth lowest-observed-effect concentration [LOEC] = 0.1 µg/L, 21-d condition LOEC = 0.1 µg/L) that continued to 28 d. Growth rate was reduced by approximately 50% (from 5.27 to 2.67% per day), while the condition of the fish reduced in a concentration-dependant manner. Additionally, in a concentration-dependent manner, significant changes in relative liver size were observed, such that increasing concentrations of CA resulted in smaller livers after 28-d exposure. A no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was not achieved in the 2005 study. An expanded second study (in 2006) that included a robust bridge to the 2005 study, with four replicate tanks of eight individual fish per concentration, did not repeat the 2005 findings. In the 2006 study, no significant effect on growth rate, condition, or liver biometry was observed after 21 or 28 d (28-d growth NOEC = 10 µg/L, 28-d condition NOEC = 10 µg/L), contrary to the 2005 findings. We do not dismiss either of these findings and suggest both are relevant and stand for comparison. However, the larger 2006 study carries more statistical power and multiple-tank replication, so probably produced the more robust findings. Despite sufficient statistical power in each study, interpretation of these and similar studies should be conducted with caution, because much significance is placed on the role of limited numbers of individual and tank replicates and the influence of control animals.

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Section: Liver Sizementioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Effect Of Clofibric Acidmentioning

confidence: 95%

The value of repeating studies and multiple controls: replicated 28‐day growth studies of rainbow trout exposed to clofibric acid

Owen

Huggett

Hutchinson

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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show abstract

“…Similarly, no links between the gender and GST activities were found in other isopods (De Knecht et al 2001). In other studies, the effect of gender on the CAT and GST activities was found to be species-dependent (Mourente and Díaz-Salvago 1999;Nunes et al 2004;Vega-Lopez et al 2007). …”

Section: Variability Of Baseline Values Of Cat Gst and Chementioning

confidence: 89%

Biochemical biomarkers in environmental studies—lessons learnt from enzymes catalase, glutathione S-transferase and cholinesterase in two crustacean species

Jemec

Drobne

Tišler

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

136

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The future of biomarkers lies in a combination of traditional biochemical and new-generation biomarkers. The latter are not only a potential replacement for existing biomarkers but will also provide new knowledge which might encourage renewed research and development of traditional biomarkers. For research purposes, complete ecotoxicity information should include contributions from molecular fingerprint of an organism, as well as whole organism, population and ecosystem responses. Still, the type of biomarkers used for routine purposes will depend on their reproducibility, their ease of use, robustness, affordability of the methodology and the type of chemicals, organisms and ecosystem of interest.

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“…It has a pronounced sexual dimorphism, high fecundity and is considered a representative secondary consumer in aquatic ecosystems. Several ecotoxicological studies demonstrated that G. affinis posses a good sensitivity of response (Nunes et al 2004;Russo et al 2004;Casini et al 2006) and some works report DNA damage in this species after exposure to genotoxic agents such as B(a)P and radionucleotides (Höhn-Bentz et al 1983;Batel and Bihari 1985;Theodorakis et al 1997;Jakšić et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effects of produced waters in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis)

et al. 2008

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The aim of this study was to assess the potential genotoxic effects of produced water (PW) from an Italian on-shore oil plant. Produced water is a complex mixture containing residual hydrocarbons, trace elements, naturally occurring radioactive material and potentially toxic treatment chemicals such as biocides, dispersants, detergents and scale inhibitors used in oil production. The test organism, mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), was divided into male and female groups and exposed for 8 days in the laboratory to 50% concentrations of different produced waters: PW before treatment and after settling treatment. The fish were also exposed to lower concentrations (10%) of the same PW for 30 days. DNA damage was evaluated in erythrocytes by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and micronucleus test, while an oxidative stress biomarker, was assessed. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites in bile were also evaluated. A higher sensitivity in biomarker responses was found in females in comparison to males. An increase in DNA strand breaks was observed in both genders after 30 days exposure and a statistically significant increase of micronucleated cells was found in females after 8 days exposure. A positive correlation between presence of micronucleated cells and PAH metabolites in bile was also observed.

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Acute and chronic effects of clofibrate and clofibric acid on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and catalase of the mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki

Cited by 75 publications

References 32 publications

The value of repeating studies and multiple controls: replicated 28‐day growth studies of rainbow trout exposed to clofibric acid

The value of repeating studies and multiple controls: replicated 28‐day growth studies of rainbow trout exposed to clofibric acid

Biochemical biomarkers in environmental studies—lessons learnt from enzymes catalase, glutathione S-transferase and cholinesterase in two crustacean species

Genotoxic effects of produced waters in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis)

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