Comparative durability of GFRP composite reinforcing bars in concrete and in simulated concrete environments

Manalo, Allan; Maranan, Ginghis B.; Benmokrane, Brahim; Cousin, Patrice; Alajarmeh, Omar; Liang, Ray; Hota, Gangarao

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103564

Cited by 99 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…(Myers & Viswanath, 2006). Similar results for GFRP composites are also found by Barker (2019), Manalo et al (2020), and many other researchers.…”

Section: The State Of Current Practicesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For example, the research illustrates how a strength reduction factor of 0.3 for vinylester-based GFRP flexural members can be computed using accelerated and naturally aged testing data to provide 100 years of service life. Such results, although preliminary at this time, are close to what the FRP industry is experiencing (Barker, 2019, Manalo et al, 2020. 3.…”

Section: Research Significancesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Logarithmic degradation equations (ln or natural log of exponent "e") chosen since it: a) provides the best fit for modeling strength retention curves for aged FRP due to environmental effects over a very long period (1 day to 100+ years), b) matches well with exponential-based probability functions used in reliability analysis, c) allows single parameter linear transformation to a line equation format (y = ax + b), and d) has been extensively used in modeling Arrhenius relationship in many previous studies (Manalo et al, 2020). The aging strength retention (SR) equation selected for data reduction uses the following normalized format:…”

Section: Development Of Aging Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The durability of FRP composites can be described in terms of gradual losses of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties over time. The continuous degradation of FRP properties over time without a threshold value or endurance limit has been well documented by many researchers such as GangaRao (2007GangaRao ( , 2011GangaRao ( , 2017, Manalo (2020), Vijay (2000), Karbhari (2003), and Barker (2019). The aging process involves many external and internal factors such as moisture, pH levels, temperature variations, sustained loading (or static fatigue), cyclic loadings (i.e., harmonic vibrations, dynamic fatigue or common fatigue), ultraviolet (UV) exposures, FRP architecture (i.e., fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction, manufacturing process, etc.…”

Section: Research Objective and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhou et al observed that FRP reinforcing bars have excellent durability characteristics showing 84% retention of strength after 34 years (projected), which seems to be a good match with a similar field investigation findings of Canada marine structures (Mulfi et al, 2007). A recent study of GFRP rebars (Manalo et al, 2020) conducted in an accelerated environment simulating concrete encasements concluded that the GFRP bars in actual concrete structures would retain up to 54%, 68%, and 68% of their interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) after 100 years of service at an annual average temperature of 30 o C when exposed to an alkaline environment, tap water, or saline solution, respectively. Similar results were also obtained in this research study (Chapter 4).…”

Section: Effect Of Acidity and Alkalinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Dependent Reliability Framework for Durability Design of FRP Composites

Bharil¹

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Time-Dependent Reliability Framework for Durability Design of FRP Composites Rajneesh K. Bharil, PE (CA,WA,OR,AK,IA) , SE (CA,WA) , PMP (PMI) The life-cycle performance, durability, and aging characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP or Structural Composites) have been of keen interest to the engineers engaged in the FRP design, construction, and manufacturing. Unlike conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete, the design guidelines to account for the aging of FRP are somewhat scattered or not available in an approved or consistent format. Loss of strength over time or aging of any structural material should be of concern to engineers as the in-service lifespan of many engineering structures is expected to exceed 100 years. Use of durability strength-reduction factors or factors of safety (aka knock-down factors) is a common way to account for the anticipated in-situ site conditions during the FRP design phase; however, the considerations for FRP service life is often ignored or smeared into knock-down or safety factors. The individual or combined effect of these ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The test data used in this report came from many previous research projects and various FRP manufacturers. This work would not have been possible without the prior work of those dedicated researchers whose work proceeded mine. This dissertation is dedicated to those who came before and allowed me to build upon their successes and failures. I would like to foremost thank Dr. Hota GangaRao for providing me with the opportunity to conduct this intriguing research and for his overall guidance on FRP composites throughout my doctoral program. My gratitude also goes to many faculty members and colleagues especially: Dr. Dimitra Pyrialakou for guidance on the econometric analysis, Dr. Ruifeng Liang for constant encouragement and assistance, along with Mr. Praveen Majugappi and Ms. Maria Lorenzo, both WVU graduate students at that time for their help in sorting through the vast collection of prior WVU research on the aging of FRP. The prior contribution of many WVU graduate students and researchers in the fields of FRP composites and structural reliability has made this work possible, for which the author is grateful. Special thanks go to my father-in-law, Dr. Srinivasa Iyer, professor emeritus of the Civil Engineering Department at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, who always encouraged me throughout this doctoral program and was the first to introduce me to the field of structural composites early on my professional engineering career. I am also thankful for the support received from and hardship endured by my family, especially my wife, Kumari, during the pursuit of my doctorate.

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“…(Myers & Viswanath, 2006). Similar results for GFRP composites are also found by Barker (2019), Manalo et al (2020), and many other researchers.…”

Section: The State Of Current Practicesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Research Significancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Development Of Aging Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Objective and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Acidity and Alkalinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Dependent Reliability Framework for Durability Design of FRP Composites

Bharil¹

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Shear performance degradation of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer bars in seawater environments: Coupled effects of seawater sea‐sand geopolymer mortar coatings and sustained loading

Jiang,

Zhao,

Xie

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Geopolymers, as a promising substitute for ordinary cement, exhibit different coating effects with regard to the durability of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars. In this study, a comparative investigation was carried out on the shear performance of prestressed BFRP bars coated with seawater sea‐sand geopolymer mortar (SSGM). The alkaline content of the SSGM was 4% or 6%. The prestress level was 20% of the ultimate tensile strength at room temperature. The immersion temperatures were room temperature (RT), 40, or 60°C. Interlaminar shear tests and transverse shear tests were conducted at each period (30, 60, 120, and 240 days). The results showed that BFRP bar coated with 6% alkaline content exhibited a slightly higher degradation of shear strength. Furthermore, the prestress developed microcracks in the bars and weakened the interface between the fiber and resin matrix, particular at the elevated temperature. This led to further degradation of the BFRP bars. Additionally, a comparison was made between the shear strength results of BFRP bars coated with SSGM and those coated with ordinary portland concrete or seawater sea‐sand concrete, revealing that the long‐term shear performance of BFRP bars was less negatively impacted by the SSGM coating.Highlights Coupled effects of SSGM coatings and sustained loading on the degradation of BFRP bars are investigated. SSGM provides better protection for BFRP bars than cement‐base concrete. Alkaline content of activator in SSGM has insignificant impact on the BFRP degradation.

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Durability of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene composite bars under the coupling effect of seawater and sea sand concrete environment and sustained bending

Dong,

Qi,

Tian

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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The long‐term interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and flexural strength of GFPP bars under the coupling effect of bending and immersion in the simulated seawater and sea sand concrete (SWSC) solution were studied by an acceleration experiment. Three temperatures and three bending stress levels (0%, 9.8%, and 29.4% of the maximum flexural strain of GFPP bars) were used to accelerate the experiment. Results indicate that the degradation of mechanical properties of GFPP bars is relatively sensitive to the immersion temperature. Low bending stress did not accelerate the degradation of GFPP bars compared with unbent GFPP bars while high bending stress dramatically accelerated the degradation. Microscopic tests found there is corrosion of glass fibers and debonding between glass fibers and polypropylene but no obvious chain breaks of polypropylene occurred. Based on the Arrhenius theory, long‐term stable retention rates of the IFSS of GFPP bars with zero and low bending stress immersed in the simulated SWSC solution are 42.4% and 52.3%.Highlights Low‐stressed GFPP bars degraded similarly or even slower than unbent GFPP bars. GFPP bars degraded mainly due to interfacial debonding and fiber corrosion. Long‐term IFSS of GFPP bars under a coupling effect was predicted.

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Comparative durability of GFRP composite reinforcing bars in concrete and in simulated concrete environments

Cited by 99 publications

References 34 publications

Time-Dependent Reliability Framework for Durability Design of FRP Composites

Time-Dependent Reliability Framework for Durability Design of FRP Composites

Shear performance degradation of basalt fiber‐reinforced polymer bars in seawater environments: Coupled effects of seawater sea‐sand geopolymer mortar coatings and sustained loading

Durability of glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene composite bars under the coupling effect of seawater and sea sand concrete environment and sustained bending

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