2006
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015
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Abstract: Microorganisms that invade a vertebrate host are initially recognized by the innate immune system through germline-encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Several classes of PRRs, including Toll-like receptors and cytoplasmic receptors, recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells. Exposure of immune cells to the ligands of these receptors activates intracellular signaling cascades that rapidly induce the expression of a variety of overlapping and unique genes involved in th… Show more

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Cited by 9,832 publications
(8,904 citation statements)
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References 142 publications
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“…TLRs are evolutionarily conserved PRRs that recognize unique, essential molecules characteristic of various classes of microbes (Akira et al, 2006). The function of TLRs as arbitrators of self/non-self discrimination highlights their central role in innate immunity as well as in the initiation of the adaptive immune response.…”
Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…TLRs are evolutionarily conserved PRRs that recognize unique, essential molecules characteristic of various classes of microbes (Akira et al, 2006). The function of TLRs as arbitrators of self/non-self discrimination highlights their central role in innate immunity as well as in the initiation of the adaptive immune response.…”
Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the role of NF-kB in cancer biology is becoming progressively better established, historically much of our current knowledge of NF-kB resulted from efforts directed at understanding the regulation and function of the immune response. In keeping with the critical role played by NF-kB in different areas of immunology, numerous excellent reviews have been published covering the role of NF-kB in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and antigen receptor (AgR) signaling, lymphoid organogenesis and hematopoiesis (Mebius, 2003;Bonizzi and Karin, 2004;Hayden and Ghosh, 2004;Lin and Wang, 2004;Siebenlist et al, 2005;Akira et al, 2006). This review will, therefore, attempt to provide a more comprehensive, if less detailed, review of the diverse functions of NF-kB in immunology, with the goal of illuminating how it is that so much in immunology seems to revolve around this family of transcription factors.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the TLRs, TLR2 has a unique characteristic in that it can form heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6 to recognize ligands 8. Many experimental studies have suggested that Man 4 ‐GPI and sn‐2 lyso GPI are recognized by TLR2‐TLR1 and TLR2‐TLR6, respectively, and their interactions could be analogous to the recognition of lipopeptides 30.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rather than providing a comprehensive review, we will highlight factors that may influence partial immunity to MTb and how modulation of the innate immune response may be incorporated into future MTb vaccines and therapeutic strategies. In-depth review of subtopics within this manuscript include work on the immune response to Tb [2,3], genetic influences on Tb susceptibility [4][5][6][7], and the innate immune response [8][9][10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%