Terpenoids isolated from Azadirachta indica roots and biological activities

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by two different methods & comparison of their structural, antibacterial, photocatalytic and optical properties

“…This can be also caused due to the presence of terpenoids in the Neem leaf extract. The terpenoid act not only as a stabilizing agent but also as a powerful reducing agent that interacts with ZnO NPs and reduces its size significantly [8,17]. Moreover, the maximum particles of ZnO A NPs remain between the range of 15 nm to 68 nm, whereas for ZnO B NPs the range lies from 10 nm to 70 nm.…”

“…The leaf extract contains highly active phytochemicals and enzymes that participate in the oxidation or reduction reactions that occur during the fabrication method and manipulate the bulk ZnO to convert into ZnO NPs [16]. Moreover, Neem leaf provides significant biological restrictions against bacterial growth and fungal growth [17].…”

Potential Uses of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Plants and Their Mode of Action in Several Human Diseases

“…These terpenoids exhibit antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory/immunosuppressive, antiviral, antiulcer, antimalarial, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities; however, several other potentially useful activities have also been reported, such as controlling the neoplastic growth, AIDS virus infected cells, hepatitis B virus, and malaria parasite (Dayanandan et al 2000;Gupta and Chaphalkar 2016). A. indica contains four well-known limonoids, i.e., nimbinene, nimbinal, nimbandiol, and salannin; three diterpenoids including nimbidinol, ferruginol, and 6,7-dehydroferrugenol and recently two new terpenoids, i.e., limonoid morenolide and diterpene 17-hydroxy-sandaracopimar-8,15-dien-11one, have been reported (Passos et al 2019). However, azadirachtin, gedunin, and nimbolide are highly investigated due to their immense anticancer properties (Nagini 2014).…”

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“…Another very useful and popular plant abundantly available in India is Azadirachta indica, commonly known as "Neem" belongs to the family Meliaceae. It is a large, tall, an evergreen tree, having origins in India but now cultivated in almost every continent of the world 10 . A decoction of seeds, leaf, bark, and fruit of neem has been a traditional folk medicine in India.…”