Enrichment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a contaminated soil after rehabilitation

Abstract

Spore counts, species composition and richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and soil glomalin contents were evaluated in a soil contaminated with Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb after rehabilitation by partial replacement of the contaminated soil with non-contaminated soil, and by Eucalyptus camaldulensis planting with and without Brachiaria decumbens sowing. These rehabilitation procedures were compared with soils from contaminated non-rehabilitated area and non-contaminated adjacent soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities attributes were assessed by direct field sampling, trap culture technique, and by glomalin contents estimate. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was markedly favored by rehabilitation, and a total of 15 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi morphotypes were detected in the studied area. Species from the Glomus and Acaulospora genera were the most common mycorrhizal fungi. Number of spores was increased by as much as 300-fold, and species richness almost doubled in areas rehabilitated by planting Eucalyptus in rows and sowing B. decumbens in inter-rows. Contents of heavy metals in the soil were negatively correlated with both species richness and glomalin contents. Introduction of B. decumbens together with Eucalyptus causes enrichment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species and a more balanced community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores in contaminated soil.

Clary Sage Cultivation and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Influence the Rhizosphere Fungal Community of an Aged Trace-Element Polluted Soil

“…Interestingly, 12 ASVs identified as belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota and split among four different AMF families were also detected in the TE-polluted soil before clary sage sowing. Notably, a predominance of Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae was found, in accordance with previously published results on TE-polluted soils, which could be explained by their better adaptation to stressful environments, such as excessive amounts of TEs [70,71].…”

The effect of salinity gradient and heavy metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure in some Algerian wetlands

“…The dominance of Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae was also reported by previous studies of wetlands (Sun et al 2016). This dominance is owing to their ability to propagate via mycelial fragments, mycorrhizal root fragments and spore germination (Yang et al 2015), and adaptation to stressful conditions of soil contamination with heavy metals compared with other AMF species metals (Lopes Leal et al 2016). Septoglomus constrictum, Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis geosporum isolated from study sites were also isolated in Algerian saline areas (Bencherif et al 2015).…”

Alta presencia de cadmio resulta en baja diversidad de hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares asociados a cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

“…En este caso, un suelo enriquecido naturalmente con altas concentraciones de Cd proporciona una condición de estrés constante y continua que selecciona a las especies, no solo por su funcionalidad ecosistémica, sino por su capacidad de adaptación al estrés (Millar y Bennett, 2016). Se sugiere que la persistencia de algunos HFMA en estos ambientes está asociada a diferentes mecanismos de tolerancia a la presencia de MPs, como secreción de quelatinas, síntesis de glicoproteínas como la glomalina (Leal et al, 2016) y retención en su pared celular por grupos carboxilo e hidroxilo (Khan, 2006), así como la detoxificación y acumulación de iones metálicos en vacuolas mediante metalotioneinas (Meier et al, 2012).…”