Isolation and expression of two polyketide synthase genes from Trichoderma harzianum 88 during mycoparasitism

Lin, Yao; Tan, Chong; Song, Jinzhu; Yang, Qian; Yu, Lijie; Li, Xinling

doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2016.01.004

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…VCs from NRRL38487 and NRRL37616 induced the secretion of antifungal metabolites much more strongly than VCs from NRRL38499 and NRRL26379 in both T. virens and T. harzianum (Table 4 ). Ten genes (Table 2 ) were chosen because their expression increased upon pathogen confrontation (Samolski et al, 2009 ; Seidl et al, 2009 ; Vieira et al, 2013 ; Yao et al, 2016 ). Four genes, including endo (endochitinase 42), qid (QID74) , acs (acyl-CoA synthetase), and ans (anthranilate synthase component II), showed increased transcription even before physical contact (Seidl et al, 2009 ; Vieira et al, 2013 ), suggesting that airborne signals or small molecules diffused through medium might induce their expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Compound-Mediated Recognition and Inhibition Between Trichoderma Biocontrol Agents and Fusarium oxysporum

Alfiky

Wang

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Certain Trichoderma strains protect plants from diverse pathogens using multiple mechanisms. We report a novel mechanism that may potentially play an important role in Trichoderma-based biocontrol. Trichoderma virens and T. viride significantly increased the amount/activity of secreted antifungal metabolites in response to volatile compounds (VCs) produced by 13 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, a soilborne fungus that infects diverse plants. This response suggests that both Trichoderma spp. recognize the presence of F. oxysporum by sensing pathogen VCs and prepare for attacking pathogens. However, T. asperellum did not respond to any, while T. harzianum responded to VCs from only a few strains. Gene expression analysis via qPCR showed up-regulation of several biocontrol-associated genes in T. virens in response to F. oxysporum VCs. Analysis of VCs from seven F. oxysporum strains tentatively identified a total of 28 compounds, including six that were produced by all of them. All four Trichoderma species produced VCs that inhibited F. oxysporum growth. Analysis of VCs produced by T. virens and T. harzianum revealed the production of compounds that had been reported to display antifungal activity. F. oxysporum also recognizes Trichoderma spp. by sensing their VCs and releases VCs that inhibit Trichoderma, suggesting that both types of VC-mediated interaction are common among fungi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Compound-Mediated Recognition and Inhibition Between Trichoderma Biocontrol Agents and Fusarium oxysporum

Alfiky

Wang

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…reesei and T . harzianum during interaction with R. solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , respectively 41 , 42 . Data from C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of polyketide synthase genes in the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea

Fatema

Broberg

Jensen

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Clonostachys rosea is a mycoparasitic fungus used for biological control of plant diseases. Its genome contains 31 genes putatively encoding for polyketide synthases (PKSs), 75% of which are arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters. Gene expression analysis during C. rosea interactions with the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum showed common and species-specific induction of PKS genes. Our data showed a culture media dependent correlation between PKS gene expression and degree of antagonism in C. rosea. The pks22 and pks29 genes were highly induced during fungal-fungal interactions but not during pigmentation, and gene deletion studies revealed that PKS29 was required for full antagonism against B. cinerea, and for biocontrol of fusarium foot rot on barley. Metabolite analysis revealed that Δpks29 strains has a 50% reduced production (P = 0.001) of an unknown polyketide with molecular formula C15H28O3, while Δpks22 strains lost the ability to produce four previously unknown polyketides named Clonorosein A-D. Clonorosein A and B were purified, their structures determined, and showed strong antifungal activity against B. cinerea and F. graminearum. These results show that PKS22 is required for production of antifungal polyketide Clonorosein A-D, and demonstrate the role of PKS29 in antagonism and biocontrol of fungal plant diseases.

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“…Deletion of the key gene pks4 affected conidia pigmentation and cell wall stability, secondary metabolites production and antagonistic activity of T. reesei [ 25 ]. Recently, two PKS genes, pksT-1 and pksT-2, were isolated from T. harzianum and found to be differentially expressed during challenge with the plant pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani , S. sclerotiorum and F. oxysporum [ 70 ]. We identified a gene similar to pks4 in the genome of T. atrobrunneum ITEM 908, but its relevance for biocontrol ability and physiology of ITEM 908 remains to be ascertained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic characterization of Trichoderma atrobrunneum (T. harzianum species complex) ITEM 908: insight into the genetic endowment of a multi-target biocontrol strain

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSo far, biocontrol agent selection has been performed mainly by time consuming in vitro confrontation tests followed by extensive trials in greenhouse and field. An alternative approach is offered by application of high-throughput techniques, which allow extensive screening and comparison among strains for desired genetic traits. In the genus Trichoderma, the past assignments of particular features or strains to one species need to be reconsidered according to the recent taxonomic revisions. Here we present the genome of a biocontrol strain formerly known as Trichoderma harzianum ITEM 908, which exhibits both growth promoting capabilities and antagonism against different fungal pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. By genomic analysis of ITEM 908 we investigated the occurrence and the relevance of genes associated to biocontrol and stress tolerance, providing a basis for future investigation aiming to unravel the complex relationships between genomic endowment and exhibited activities of this strain.ResultsThe MLST analysis of ITS-TEF1 concatenated datasets reclassified ITEM 908 as T. atrobrunneum, a species recently described within the T. harzianum species complex and phylogenetically close to T. afroharzianum and T. guizhouense. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of a broad range of genes encoding for carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZYmes), proteins involved in secondary metabolites production, peptaboils, epidithiodioxopiperazines and siderophores potentially involved in parasitism, saprophytic degradation as well as in biocontrol and antagonistic activities. This abundance is comparable to other Trichoderma spp. in the T. harzianum species complex, but broader than in other biocontrol species and in the species T. reesei, known for its industrial application in cellulase production. Comparative analysis also demonstrated similar genomic organization of major secondary metabolites clusters, as in other Trichoderma species.ConclusionsReported data provide a contribution to a deeper understanding of the mode of action and identification of activity-specific genetic markers useful for selection and improvement of biocontrol strains. This work will also enlarge the availability of genomic data to perform comparative studies with the aim to correlate phenotypic differences with genetic diversity of Trichoderma species.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5049-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Isolation and expression of two polyketide synthase genes from Trichoderma harzianum 88 during mycoparasitism

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Volatile Compound-Mediated Recognition and Inhibition Between Trichoderma Biocontrol Agents and Fusarium oxysporum

Volatile Compound-Mediated Recognition and Inhibition Between Trichoderma Biocontrol Agents and Fusarium oxysporum

Functional analysis of polyketide synthase genes in the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea

Genomic characterization of Trichoderma atrobrunneum (T. harzianum species complex) ITEM 908: insight into the genetic endowment of a multi-target biocontrol strain

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