Coagulase-negative staphylococci: a 20-year study on the antimicrobial resistance profile of blood culture isolates from a teaching hospital

Pereira, Valéria Cataneli; Romero, Letícia Calixto; Pinheiro-Hubinger, Luiza; Oliveira, Alexsandra Duarte de; Martins, Katheryne Benini; Cunha, Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2020.01.003

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This also makes them an interesting object of research into the possibilities for inducing food poisoning due to their ability to produce enterotoxins. Studies conducted on clinical strains have provided evidence suggesting that certain CoNS strains may be major hospital pathogens [ 3 , 4 ]. These include strains capable of producing superantigenic toxins such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and other toxins, including hemolysins, coagulase and exfoliative toxins [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterotoxigenic Potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Ready-to-Eat Food

Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska

Gajewska

Wiśniewski

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Although coagulase-positive staphylococci are considered to be the main factor responsible for food poisoning, an increasing role for the coagulase-negative staphylococci in the production of enterotoxins has been observed in recent years. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of genes responsible for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), enterotoxin-like toxins (SEI) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from ready-to-eat food from bars and restaurants. One hundred and eighteen CoNS strains were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to five superantigenic toxin genes, including five different types of classical enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) and the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) as well as to supertoxin-like genes. PCR-positive isolates were then tested using immunoenzymatic methods (SET-RPLA, Vidas SET 2) for toxin expression. Out of 118 CoNS strains, the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins was confirmed in 72% of them. The most frequently found enterotoxin-like genotype was ser, selu. Two of the tested strains had up to ten different enterotoxin genes in the genome at the same time. Although no production of enterotoxins was detected in the CoNS, which means that their possible role in the epidemiology of food-borne diseases is minimal, the data demonstrated that the toxigenic capacity of the CoNS should not be ignored, and that this group of microorganisms should be continuously monitored in food.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterotoxigenic Potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Ready-to-Eat Food

Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska

Gajewska

Wiśniewski

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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“…We found that all MRSE isolates were susceptible to linezolid, which is consistent with other reports published in Iran ( Najar-Peerayeh et al, 2014 ; Farajzadeh Sheikh et al, 2019 ). Several studies reported linezolid susceptibility in Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) and S. aureus ( De Vecchi et al, 2018 ; Pereira et al, 2020 ). However, there are few reports on linezolid resistant S. aureus in Iran ( Rahimi et al, 2013 ; Shirvani et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Synergistic Effects of Melittin With Vancomycin and Rifampin Against Vancomycin and Rifampin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

et al. 2022

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains are increasingly emerging as serious pathogens because they can be resistant to many antibiotics called multidrug resistance (MDR) that limit the therapeutic options. In the case of vancomycin- and rifampin-resistant MDR-MRSE, the physicians are not allowed to increase the doses of antibiotics because of severe toxicity. Accordingly, we investigated the synergistic activity of melittin antimicrobial peptide with vancomycin and rifampin against vancomycin-resistant, and rifampin-resistant MDR-MRSE isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi), and fractional bactericidal concentration index (FBCi) of antimicrobial agents against isolates were determined. Coagulate activities and serum and salt stability as well as melittin cytotoxicity on the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and human red blood cells (RBCs) at their synergistic concentrations. MIC and MBC values for melittin were in the range of 0.312–2.5 and 0.312–5, respectively. Results also showed that the interaction of melittin with drugs was highly synergistic in which the geometric means of FICi and FBCi were < 0.5. Induced synergism led to a decrease in melittin, rifampin, and vancomycin concentrations by 8–1,020, 2–16, and 4–16-folds, respectively. This phenomenon caused a reduction in melittin toxicity by which the synergistic concentration of melittin needed to kill bacteria did not show cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Besides, no coagulation activity was found for the synergistic and alone concentrations of melittin in both Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT). Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of melittin in Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) containing human serum did no significant differences between MIC and MBC values of melittin in MHB and MHB containing 10% human serum. The present findings showed that the therapeutic index of melittin was improved by 32.08- and 12.82-folds when combined with vancomycin and rifampin, respectively. Taken together, the obtained data show that melittin alone was effective against MDR-MRSE isolates and this antimicrobial peptide showed highly synergistic effects with vancomycin and rifampin without causing toxicity. Therefore, the combination of melittin and traditional antibiotics could be a promising strategy for the treatment of infections caused by MDR-MRSE.

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“…This group of bacteria ise potentially pathogenic to patients with risk factors, such as admission in ICU and use of central venous catheters [24]. Findings of a study performed in a Brazilian hospital, which analyzed oxacillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from blood cultures over a period of 20 years, revealed high antimicrobial resistance rates, including reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (2.7%), highlighting the need of rational use of these drugs [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central line-associated bloodstream infection trend in Brazilian adult intensive care units: an ecological study

Silva

Alves²,

Guimarães³

et al. 2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Central line-associated bloodstream infections are the second most frequent infection in intensive care units. It represents an adverse event of significant magnitude, thus threatening the patient safety. The aim of this study was to analyze the historical trend of central line-associated bloodstream infections in patients in intensive care units, the rate of infection, central venous catheter utilization ratio, type of pathogen and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methodology: This ecological study was performed at 42 intensive care units from a state capital of the Midwest region of Brazil. Central line-associated bloodstream infections notifications were collected from two databases, the Municipal Coordination for Patient Safety and Infection Control at Healthcare Services, from 2012-2016, and the FormSUS (National Health System Data Processing Company), from 2014-2016. Results: The incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections was high and stationary in the period (incidence rate of 2.3 to 3.2 per 1,000 catheter days, central venous catheter utilization ratio average 56,9%). The most frequent microorganisms were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were detected among Gram-negative bacteria, and resistance to oxacillin among Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Central line-associated bloodstream infections incidence rates were high, however the historical trend remained stationary in adult intensive care units. Infections were mostly caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multi-drug resistant organisms. These findings point to the need of educational strategies addressing the adherence to established preventive measures and to the rational use of antimicrobials.

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci: a 20-year study on the antimicrobial resistance profile of blood culture isolates from a teaching hospital

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Enterotoxigenic Potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Ready-to-Eat Food

Enterotoxigenic Potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Ready-to-Eat Food

Highly Synergistic Effects of Melittin With Vancomycin and Rifampin Against Vancomycin and Rifampin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

Central line-associated bloodstream infection trend in Brazilian adult intensive care units: an ecological study

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