2017
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.10.004
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Abstract: Our therapy protocols were not effective in restoring the functional alterations induced by HIV, especially those found on macrophages. These findings indicate that we still need to develop new approaches and improve the current therapy protocols, focusing on the reestablishment of cellular functions and prevention/treatment of opportunistic infections.

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Cited by 14 publications
(6 citation statements)
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References 48 publications
(60 reference statements)
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“…Although the implications for HIV infection and pathogenesis are subject to debate, it is clear that macrophage polarization is an influential factor with respect to establishment of HIV infection and pathogenesis (Figure 1). In vitro macrophage infection studies have shown that relative to unpolarized macrophages, both M1 and M2 macrophages have impaired function during chronic and acute HIV infection (53) and are refractory to HIV infection (5458), albeit through different mechanisms. Extensive work by Graziano et al who have investigated in vitro macrophage plasticity, demonstrates that further stimulation of polarized macrophages with the same or opposing cytokines can modulate HIV restriction (58).…”
Section: Monocyte/macrophage Biologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the implications for HIV infection and pathogenesis are subject to debate, it is clear that macrophage polarization is an influential factor with respect to establishment of HIV infection and pathogenesis (Figure 1). In vitro macrophage infection studies have shown that relative to unpolarized macrophages, both M1 and M2 macrophages have impaired function during chronic and acute HIV infection (53) and are refractory to HIV infection (5458), albeit through different mechanisms. Extensive work by Graziano et al who have investigated in vitro macrophage plasticity, demonstrates that further stimulation of polarized macrophages with the same or opposing cytokines can modulate HIV restriction (58).…”
Section: Monocyte/macrophage Biologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This was a descriptive transversal study that applied four data analysis approaches for observational investigation of monocytes functional response and gene expression of epigenetic related enzymes in NI, untreated or treated HIV + patients, as follows: (1) conventional statistical analysis, (2) biomarker signature analysis, (3) heat map group segregation analysis, and (4) decision tree analysis. These approaches have been shown as relevant to detect, with high sensitivity, putative minor changes in the cell profiles that are not detectable by conventional statistical approaches 27 , 64 , 65 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, it should be noted that FGT and systemic HIV-1 target cells are different, although some similarities exist 13,112 . While the role of CD69+ CD14+ monocytes in HIV-1 infection has not been elucidated, several studies show that changes in activation of CD14+ cells such as macrophages, which are permissible to R5 HIV-1 infection 113 , are reported to change their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection 114116 . Our results showing increased activation of macrophages in the cervical explants by MPA after 7 days are consistent with activated macrophages playing a role in driving increased HIV-1 replication in CD4+ CCR5+ T cells in cervical tissue.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%