Impaired bone mineral accrual in prepubertal HIV-infected children: a cohort study

Palchetti, Cecília Zanin; Szejnfeld, Vera Lúcia; Succi, Regina Célia de Menezes; Patin, Rose Vega; Teixeira, Patrícia Fonseca; Machado, Daisy Maria; Oliveira, Fernanda Luísa Ceragioli

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2015.08.010

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Children with HIV infection can develop precocious bone abnormalities with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures [36]. The risk of bone disorder is greater in children than in adults, because bone mass increases during childhood, accelerating during adolescence [37,38]. The cause is multifactorial and not fully clear, but many demographic, genetic, hormonal, nutritional factors, HIV levels and drugs are involved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated aging in perinatally HIV-infected children: clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms

Chiappini

Bianconi

Dalzini

et al. 2018

Aging

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Background: Premature aging and related diseases have been documented in HIV-infected adults. Data are now emerging also regarding accelerated aging process in HIV-infected children.Methods: A narrative review was performed searching studies on PubMed published in English language in 2004-2017, using appropriate key words, including “aging”, “children”, “HIV”, “AIDS”, “immunosenescence”, “pathogenesis”, “clinical conditions”.Results: Premature immunosenescence phenotype of B and T cells in HIV-infected children is mediated through immune system activation and chronic inflammation. Ongoing inflammation processes have been documented by increased levels of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), increased mitochondrial damage, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a positive correlation between sCD14 levels and percentages of activated CD8+ cells. Other reported features of premature aging include cellular replicative senescence, linked to an accelerated telomeres shortening. Finally, acceleration of age-associated methylation pattern and other epigenetic modifications have been described in HIV-infected children. All these features may favor the clinical manifestations related to premature aging. Lipid and bone metabolism, cancers, cardiovascular, renal, and neurological systems should be carefully monitored, particularly in children with detectable viremia and/or with CD4/CD8 ratio inversion.Conclusion: Aging processes in children with HIV infection impact their quality and length of life. Further studies regarding the mechanisms involved in premature aging are needed to search for potential targets of treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated aging in perinatally HIV-infected children: clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms

Chiappini

Bianconi

Dalzini

et al. 2018

Aging

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“…Usually measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), decreased BMD and BMC have been demonstrated across ages, sex, sexual maturity stages, and HIV acquisition modes 3–6 . One concern has been whether they exhibit increases in bone mass and maintain or improve their BMD z-scores over time.…”

Section: Assessing Bone Health In Hiv-infected Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prospective cohort study of 35 pre-pubertal HIV-infected children in Brazil were evaluated for bone mass accrual by measuring DXA at baseline and again 24±6 months later 6 . At the second time point, subjects were divided into pre-pubertal and pubertal groups.…”

Section: Assessing Bone Health In Hiv-infected Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone health in HIV-infected children and adolescents

Eckard

Mora

2016

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of review Chronic HIV infection and exposure to antiretroviral therapy compromises bone health in children and adolescents, potentially impacting their long-term quality of life. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the most recent literature on this topic in HIV-infected children and adolescents. Recent findings Recent studies continue to demonstrate bone abnormalities in HIV-infected children and adolescents, whether HIV is acquired perinatally or during adolescence. Researchers have employed new modalities, both high tech and those that can be utilized in resource-limited settings, to better assess bone health. New data suggest that this population may also be experiencing an increase incidence of factures, and they may not acquire the same peak bone mass as their HIV-uninfected counterparts. Reassuringly, however, in utero tenofovir exposure does not appear to have a significant impact on bone health in HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. Summary Recent findings underscore the need for further research on bone in HIV-infected children and adolescents. Longitudinal studies are especially needed to evaluate long-term risk of osteoporosis and fractures, since this population is exposed to HIV and antiretroviral therapy for many decades starting early in life and during the most critical time for skeletal growth and bone mass accrual.

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“…inception of the child, the birth of the child, the various stages of the growth involving childhood [18,19], adolescence, adult [20,21] and old stages [22,23] resulting into emergence of various bone diseases [24]. However, the tools or techniques towards early detection and prediction of initiation of such bone diseases in HIV infected individuals are still not available [25].…”

Section: Hiv Infection and Bone Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%