RHD*weak D type 38: a family study

Costa, Sidneia Sanches de Menezes; Chiba, Akemi Kuroda; Cruz, Bruno Ribeiro; Langhi, Dante Mário; Bordin, José Orlando

doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.10.001

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Further studies show the different prevalence of certain types of weak D variants compared to other reports. Extremely rare weak D type 38 is relatively common in Portugal, while weak D type 42 is the most common weak D inQuebec, Canada [20][21][22]. Our results are not concordant with previously reported data for central Croatian population by Dogic et al where type 3 was predominant 23.…”

contrasting

confidence: 95%

Serological and molecular characterisation of the most prevalent weak D variants in Croatian population

Stanić

Galić

Bingulac-Popović

et al. 2022

Transfusion Medicine

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Introduction: Existence of hundreds of RHD gene variants contributes to variable D antigen expression and inconsistencies in reporting the RHD results. The aim of the study was to determine the serological and molecular characteristics of the most prevalent RHD alleles encoding serologically weak D variants. Material and Methods: Blood donors (n = 145 924) were typed for D antigen using the direct serologic micromethod. Nonreactive samples were analysed in IAT method with the IgM/IgG anti-D monoclonal blend, and 0,2% (n = 263) confirmed weak D antigen expression. After genomic DNA extraction (Qiaqen, Germany), RHD genotyping was performed using in house reagents and PCR-SSP kits (Inno-Train, Germany). Results: The prevalence of serologically weak D in blood donor population was 0.2% (n = 263). RHD genotyping confirmed weak D allele in 92.4% and partial D allele in 7.6%. The most common was weak D type 1 (49.7%) followed by weak D type 3 (24.7%) and type 2 (9.5%). Relatively high frequency was detected for weak D type 14 (4.6%) and type 64 (2.3%). In the category of partial D phenotypes, only DVI variant was found. Direct typing has shown great variability in the strength of reactions with different clones of anti-D reagents. Conclusion: Weak D type 1 is the most common weak D variant in Croatian blood donor population. The frequency of D variants and distribution of Rh phenotypes in our study was in concordance with other studies. It has been shown that serological methods and the combination of clones used, cannot distinguish variant D types, which justifies the use of molecular methods.

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contrasting

confidence: 95%

Serological and molecular characterisation of the most prevalent weak D variants in Croatian population

Stanić

Galić

Bingulac-Popović

et al. 2022

Transfusion Medicine

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“…The higher-than-expected prevalence of weak D type 38 among Brazilians has been previously suggested by some studies, which focused their analyses on samples with low expression of D. 11,12,20,21 The frequency of this D variant significantly differed from that previously calculated for individuals of European descent. 22 In fact, in some large cohorts of European individuals screened for weak D phenotype, this variant was not encountered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Weak D types 38 and 11: determination of frequencies in a Brazilian population and validation of an easy molecular assay for detection

et al. 2020

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Recent evidence shows that, among Brazilians, the distribution of weak D types significantly differs from that represented in people of European descent, with a high percentage of weak D types 38 and 11. Our goal was to determine the population frequencies of weak D types 38 and 11 in a Brazilian population and to validate a molecular approach to identify these two variants. Blood donors were sequentially enrolled in the study in a 5-year period. Donors with serologic weak D phenotype had the RHD coding region sequenced. The frequencies of weak D type 38 and weak D type 11 (CDe-associated) were calculated. Two allele-specificpolymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) assays were designed to detect RHD*weak D type 38 and RHD*weak partial 11 and were validated with samples positive and negative for these two variants, respectively. A total of 618,542 donors were enrolled, of which 265 presented with a serologic weak D phenotype. When considering all donors evaluated, the frequencies of weak D types 38 and 11 were 0.013 and 0.002 percent, respectively. In the subgroup of donors with a serologic weak D phenotype, the frequencies of weak D types 38 and 11 were 30.2 and 4.9 percent, respectively. The two proposed AS-PCR assays for detection of RHD*weak D type 38 and RHD*weak partial 11 showed 100 percent accuracy. The frequencies of weak D types 38 and 11 among Brazilians are high compared to that previously described for other populations. The AS-PCR assays to detect RHD*weak D type 38 and RHD*weak partial 11 represent potentially helpful tools for investigating Brazilian individuals with these weak D phenotypes. Immunohematology 2020;36:47-53.

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“…During the 4th International Workshop on Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Red Blood Cell and Related Antigens in 2001, the methodology was validated in 12 laboratories worldwide using a standard CcDEe cell with a D antigen density of 27,500 D antigens per red cell 41 . The method quickly became routine 39,48 and has been applied in many laboratories 10,49–71 with a variety of monoclonal anti‐Ds, covering different epitopes of the D antigen 72 . Each laboratory adopted its own collection of anti‐Ds to test using the established method and algorithm 41 which constituted 1, 49 2, 50–52 3, 53–55 4, 56–58 5, 59 6, 60–65 7, 66 9, 67,68 10, 69 or 14 10 monoclonal anti‐Ds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method quickly became routine 39,48 and has been applied in many laboratories 10,49–71 with a variety of monoclonal anti‐Ds, covering different epitopes of the D antigen 72 . Each laboratory adopted its own collection of anti‐Ds to test using the established method and algorithm 41 which constituted 1, 49 2, 50–52 3, 53–55 4, 56–58 5, 59 6, 60–65 7, 66 9, 67,68 10, 69 or 14 10 monoclonal anti‐Ds. However, many of these anti‐Ds cannot commercially be obtained or are not readily available anymore by other means.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rh flow cytometry: An updated methodology for D antigen density applied to weak D types 164 and 165

Hutchison,

Srivastava,

Polin

et al. 2023

Transfusion

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BackgroundAn original methodology for determining the D antigen density on red cells was published in 2000 and has been applied in many publications since. This flow cytometry‐based assay remained largely unrevised utilizing monoclonal anti‐Ds that are not readily available anymore. We updated the methodology to quantify erythrocyte D antigen sites using microspheres and monoclonal anti‐Ds that are commercially available today.MethodsThe absolute D antigen density of a frozen standard CcDEe cell, drawn in 2003, a fresh blood donation from the same individual, drawn in 2022, and an internal control CcDEe cell, was quantified by flow cytometry using fluorescence‐labeled microspheres. The internal control CcDEe cell was used in conjunction with 9 commercial anti‐Ds to determine D antigen densities of 7 normal D, 4 partial D, and 11 weak D type samples, including 2 novel alleles.ResultsThe reproducibility of the updated assay was evaluated with red cells of published D antigen densities. The current results matched the known ones closely. The new weak D types 164 and 165 carried 4500 and 1505 D antigens/red cell, respectively. The absolute D antigen density decreased from 27,231 to 26,037 in an individual over 19 years.DiscussionThe updated assay gave highly reproducible results for the D antigen densities of Rh phenotypes. Readily available anti‐Ds allowed for the determination of the D antigen densities of 7 weak D types. The assay is suitable to evaluate the effects of distinct amino acid substitutions on the RhD phenotype.

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RHD*weak D type 38: a family study

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Serological and molecular characterisation of the most prevalent weak D variants in Croatian population

Serological and molecular characterisation of the most prevalent weak D variants in Croatian population

Weak D types 38 and 11: determination of frequencies in a Brazilian population and validation of an easy molecular assay for detection

Rh flow cytometry: An updated methodology for D antigen density applied to weak D types 164 and 165

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