Probiotics in aquaculture: The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes

Kesarcodi-Watson, Aditya; Kaspar, Heinrich F.; Lategan, M. Josie; Gibson, L. F.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.019

Cited by 635 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…The use of probiotics produces benefits for marine shrimp by improving the balance of the intestinal microbiota (Vieira et al, 2008), survival (Pham et al, 2014), resistance to infection by pathogens (AguileraRivera et al, 2014), immune stimulation (Ferreira et al, 2015), and diet digestibility (Buglione Neto, 2009). Unlike antibiotics, this method does not leave any residues in the shrimp meat (Kesarcodi-Watson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of probiotic-supplemented diet on a Pacific white shrimp farm

et al. 2016

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum on performance, immunological parameters, and bacterial microbiota of the digestive tract of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). We used six earthen ponds (1.2 ha) stocked with 14 shrimp m −2 (3 g mean weight). Three ponds received a diet supplemented with L. plantarum and three were maintained as control. The survival and feed efficiency of shrimp fed the supplemented diet were greater than that observed in shrimp fed the control diet, with survival values of 83.02±6.12% and 74.65±9.07% and feed efficiencies of 117.97±4.45% and 104.46±7.30%, respectively. However, we observed no differences in weight gain. The intestines of shrimp fed probiotics had lower counts of Vibrio spp. and higher counts of lactic acid bacteria, compared with those of control shrimp. Diets supplemented with L. plantarum alter the intestinal bacterial microbiota of shrimp, resulting in increased survival and feed efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of probiotic-supplemented diet on a Pacific white shrimp farm

et al. 2016

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“…This diversity reflects that of the aquatic habits where aquaculture species live and closely interact with these microbes 3,7 .…”

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“…Whilst primarily used to manage bacterial disease, there is also some evidence that probiotics can provide protection against parasites 4 and viruses 6 . Probiotics can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the gut through the excretion of antagonistic substances including bacterocins 6,7 ; prevent pathogen adhesion in the gut through competition of space and nutrients 3 and by modulating the immune system 5 . Some probiotics have been reported to improve growth and feed utilisation efficiency 5 and others can also improve water quality 2,8,9 , which confers indirect benefits to host health 6 .…”

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“…Evidence exists, however, that probiotics isolated from host gut or their environment are more likely to outperform commercial products because they are more likely to colonise the host gut and effectively compete with pathogens 6,12 . The first stage of screening potential probiotics usually occurs in vitro and seeks to measure antagonism against pathogens of interest using methods including well diffusion, cross streaking and disc diffusion and the co-culture method 3,13 . These methods can also be used to test antagonism of putative probiotics against pathogens of interest.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These methods can also be used to test antagonism of putative probiotics against pathogens of interest. Whilst such methods allow cost effective, simultaneous screening of many probiotic candidates, several authors have pointed out the limitations of relying on in-vitro tests 3,7 . Given the many different modes of action of probiotics, a lack of in vitro antagonism does not necessarily exclude the bacteria as a probiotic.…”

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Testing the efficacy of probiotics for disease control in aquaculture

Partridge

2016

Microbiol. Aust.

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Infectious diseases have been estimated to cost the global aquaculture industry billions of dollars annually 1,2 . With concerns over emerging resistance and residues of antibiotics in food 3 many such chemicals are now being banned and environmentally friendly alternatives are being sought.Probiotics influence the composition of the gut microbiota and confer health benefits to their host 4,5 and are one of several alternative approaches gaining significant popularity in aquaculture. Whilst primarily used to manage bacterial disease, there is also some evidence that probiotics can provide protection against parasites 4 and viruses 6 . Probiotics can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the gut through the excretion of antagonistic substances including bacterocins 6,7 ; prevent pathogen adhesion in the gut through competition of space and nutrients 3 and by modulating the immune system 5 . Some probiotics have been reported to improve growth and feed utilisation efficiency 5 and others can also improve water quality 2,8,9 , which confers indirect benefits to host health 6 .It has been estimated that 50 000 tonnes of probiotics are used annually in the aquaculture industry 10 yet analysis of the literature reveals a great deal of equivocal data on their efficacy. This is likely due, at least in part, to the wide diversity of both hosts and probiotic species within this industry and the fact that probiotic efficacy against particular pathogens is often both host specific and probiotic strain specific 5 . These factors demonstrate the need for testing to ensure probiotics are fit for purpose. Aquaculture species span many phyla and their probionts are far more diverse than the typical lactic acid bacteria (LABS) used in terrestrial animals 6 and which do not dominate in the normal gut flora of aquatic animals 2 .The diversity of probiotics used in aquaculture is highlighted by Newaj-Fyzul et al. who reviewed 18 genera of Gram-negative and 19 genera of Gram-positive bacteria that have been used in aquaculture 4 . This diversity reflects that of the aquatic habits where aquaculture species live and closely interact with these microbes 3,7 .Despite this diversity, Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis remain the most commonly used commercial probiotics in aquaculture 5 , due to their spore forming nature and subsequent proclivity for long term storage and stability in formulated feeds 6,11 . Evidence exists, however, that probiotics isolated from host gut or their environment are more likely to outperform commercial products because they are more likely to colonise the host gut and effectively compete with pathogens 6,12 . The first stage of screening potential probiotics usually occurs in vitro and seeks to measure antagonism against pathogens of interest using methods including well diffusion, cross streaking and disc diffusion and the co-culture method 3,13 . These methods can also be used to test antagonism of putative probiotics against pathogens of interest. Whilst such methods allow cost effective, simultaneous s...

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Probiotic Applications in Crustaceans

Castex

Daniels

Chim

2014

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Crustacean aquaculture, and more specifically shrimp culture, faces several challenges in order to increase production yield while maintaining sustainability. The various disease outbreaks that have been continuously affecting the sector for almost two decades, together with the increasing demand for environmentally friendly aquaculture and the pressure from customers for safe and traceable products, are fundamentally modifying the culture practices of shrimp and other crustacean species. It is today well accepted that these challenges can only be faced through the development of better management practices together with technical innovations. Among the solutions currently considered, those relying on nutrition and intestinal health management can play a critical role. The application of probiotics in aquaculture has been developed in this context and is now widely applied in crustacean aquaculture as a complementary tool for management of disease. This development is mostly driven by practical and empirical approaches in shrimp farming; however, specific in-depth studies related to the biological effects and mechanisms of action of probiotics in crustaceans are gaining more importance. This chapter presents a review of the research conducted on probiotic applications in crustacean species with special emphasis on the modes of action investigated so far and the main benefits derived from it. The limits and future perspectives are also addressed.

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Probiotics in aquaculture: The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes

Cited by 635 publications

References 161 publications

Use of probiotic-supplemented diet on a Pacific white shrimp farm

Use of probiotic-supplemented diet on a Pacific white shrimp farm

Testing the efficacy of probiotics for disease control in aquaculture

Probiotic Applications in Crustaceans

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