The advancements in sol–gel method of doped-TiO2 photocatalysts

“Black” TiO2 Nanotubes Formed by High-Energy Proton Implantation Show Noble-Metal-co-Catalyst Free Photocatalytic H2-Evolution

“…In general, the main drawbacks of TiO 2 are on the one hand its too large band-gap of 3-3.2 eV that allow only for about 7% of solar light absorption, and on the other hand that although a charge transfer to aqueous electrolytes is thermodynamically possible, the kinetics of these processes at the TiO 2 /water interface are extremely slow if no suitable co-catalysts such as Pt, Au, Pd or similar are used [8][9][10]. Mao demonstrated a significantly increased photocatalytic activity for water splitting when black TiO 2 was loaded with a Pt co-catalyst and used under bias-free conditions (i.e.…”

“…In general, the main drawbacks of TiO 2 are on the one hand its too large band-gap of 3-3.2 eV that allow only for about 7% of solar light absorption, and on the other hand that although a charge transfer to aqueous electrolytes is thermodynamically possible, the kinetics of these processes at the TiO 2 /water interface are extremely slow if no suitable co-catalysts such as Pt, Au, Pd or similar are used [8][9][10]. 3 However, in view of the first challenge (the 'too' large optical band-gap for efficient sunlight absorption), the recent finding of 'black' TiO 2 by Chen and Mao [11] seems to partially overcome this issue and has thus attracted accordingly wide scientific interest.…”

Hydrogenated Anatase: Strong Photocatalytic Dihydrogen Evolution without the Use of a Co‐Catalyst

“…refs. [9][10][11]. These combined photocatalytic M@TiO 2 systems have therefore been widely investigated in view of optimizing their efficiency towards H 2 generation from water (with or without using sacrificial agents such as ethanol) [9,12].…”

“…In general, the function of the noble metal co-catalyst has been described in terms of i) providing an electron acceptor that mediates electron transfer to the electrolyte, ii) forming solid state junctions (metal/semiconductor), or iii) acting as a hydrogen recombination center that strongly promotes H 2 formation [9][10][11]. In M@TiO 2 catalysts it has been generally observed that the crystalline phase of TiO 2 is a very important factor for the performance of such photocatalytic H 2 -generation systems [6-9, 13, 14].…”

Aqueous degradation kinetics of pharmaceutical drug diclofenac by photocatalysis using nanostructured titania–zirconia composite catalyst

“…To improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 catalyst, range (k [ 400 nm) of sunlight absorption, coupling of two semiconductors, transition metal doping and addition of noble metals are the important parameters (Linsebigler et al 1995). Incorporation of transition metals usually halts the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 , although for some transition metals, doping enhances the photocatalytic activity (Akpan and Hameed 2010;Zaleska 2008).…”