The Effects of a Smoking Cessation Intervention on 14.5-Year Mortality

Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population

“…21 Moreover, the beneficial effect of smoking cessation is not limited to COPD, not even in patients with COPD. 22 The findings from our study may not have global significance. The major exposure causing COPD in Copenhagen is smoking and, although occupational exposures may be of some importance for COPD in industrialised countries, 1 23 exposure to welding dust had no influence in our setting.…”

Motivating Smokers in the Hospital Pulmonary Function Laboratory to Quit Smoking by Use of the Lung Age Concept

“…Low FEV 1 is an independent risk factor for death from COPD and all causes as well as for lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke (Mannino et al, 2000;Young et al, 2007). Thus, telling a smoker that he/she has low lung function might be thought to motivate smoking cessation (Young et al, 2010) since quitting smoking can improve outcomes (Anthonisen, Skeans, & Wise, 2005). However, a recent Cochrane review (Bize et al, 2009) found little evidence to support this approach other than a recently reported study of using lung age derived from spirometry.…”

Assessing Efficacy in Early-Phase Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials: The Case of Ki-67 in the Lung

“…First, animal studies have shown that a number of irritants not necessarily associated with carcinogenesis, such as high oxygen content, ozone, sulfur dioxide, mechanical irritation, and infection, all increase lung epithelial cell proliferation likely without increasing lung cancer risk (13). Second, it takes many years before the risk of lung cancer is reduced after smoking cessation, not with standing the early decrease in proliferation (albeit not necessarily to “normal” levels) following smoking cessation (14, 15). Extended follow-up from the Lung Health Study showed that a decrease in lung cancer incidence was not demonstrable until 14.5 years after smoking cessation, well past the time when average Ki-67 expression has already significantly decreased according to other studies (16).…”