Dermoscopic findings in human monkeypox infection

Neves, Leandro Ourives; Cordeiro, Amanda Domingos; Rezende, Bruna Dell’Acqua Cassão

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2022.10.002

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Dermatoscopy of skin lesions can reveal characteristic mpox findings like oval vesicopustules surrounded by erythema in different developmental stages. [68] Computed tomography scans may demonstrate lymphadenopathy and lesions in soft tissue or lungs. Although these imaging and visualization tools can support an mpox diagnosis through suggestive findings, definitive diagnosis relies on laboratory confirmation using PCR or culture.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: A Viral Zoonotic Disease of Rising Global Concern

Anil,

Joseph,

Thomas

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Immun

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Monkeypox (mpox) is a rare viral zoonotic disease, endemic to Central and West Africa, caused by the monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus similar to the variola virus (smallpox). Although sporadic travel-associated cases have historically occurred outside Africa, in May 2022, mpox began spreading globally in multiple nonendemic countries across several continents. In 2024, there has been an increase in globally reported confirmed cases of mpox and deaths from mpox, making it a public health emergency of international concern. The reasons for the unusual global spread are under investigation but likely relate to increased travel and waning population immunity to orthopoxviruses. Transmission now appears to be mainly through close, intimate contact, especially among men who have sex with men. Mpox is usually a self-limited disease. Although limited approved antiviral treatments are available, such as tecovirimat, which the European Medicines Agency approved in January 2022 for the treatment of mpox, their widespread availability and effectiveness in the current outbreak remain to be investigated. Public health control measures include surveillance, case identification/isolation, contact tracing, and targeted vaccination of contacts at high risk of exposure. However, challenges remain in curtailing the current unprecedented outbreak. Critical knowledge gaps include animal reservoir(s) responsible for initial spillover events, viral mutations that may enhance transmissibility, optimal diagnostics for noninvasive specimens, effective antiviral therapies, next-generation vaccines providing longer-term immunity, and building global capacity for outbreak response. This review summarizes the current literature on mpox virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, treatment, prevention, and public health control measures. Ongoing investigation and research are needed to better understand mpox’s evolving epidemiology, pathogenicity, transmissibility, and ecology to guide strategies for containing the outbreak and preventing future global emergence.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: A Viral Zoonotic Disease of Rising Global Concern

Anil,

Joseph,

Thomas

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Immun

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Mpox: an updated review of dermatological manifestations in the current outbreak

Maronese

Avallone

Aromolo

et al. 2023

British Journal of Dermatology

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Monkeypox (mpox) is a disease caused by a double-stranded DNA orthopoxvirus discovered in 1958. In 2022 an outbreak on an unprecedented scale marked its transition from neglected, zoonotic disease circulating almost exclusively within African borders to sexually transmitted infection (STI) of international concern. Although phylogenetic evidence suggests progressive evolution from the strain associated with the 2018 outbreak in Nigeria, epidemiological links with previous cases are still incompletely elucidated. Clinically, mpox presents with systemic symptoms, such as fever, headache, malaise, and a characteristic cutaneous eruption, similar to that of cognate viruses (e.g., smallpox). Mpox pseudo-pustules evolve through several stages, including umbilication and crusting, and resolve in the span of 2-3 weeks. Disproportionate affection of men that have sex with men, an often localized cutaneous picture and a significant burden in terms of concomitant STIs were the hallmarks setting the 2022 outbreak apart from classic mpox. Investigations into the disease pathogenesis, related immune response, clinical and dermoscopic features, as well as studies aimed at defining novel management strategies, have advanced mpox knowledge considerably. Herein, recent findings on mpox are reviewed, with a keen focus on dermatological manifestations and their implications in the current diagnostic scenario, reinforcing the pivotal role of dermatologists in managing suspect cases and preventing further spread of the contagion.

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Dermoscopic findings in human monkeypox infection

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Monkeypox: A Viral Zoonotic Disease of Rising Global Concern

Monkeypox: A Viral Zoonotic Disease of Rising Global Concern

Mpox: an updated review of dermatological manifestations in the current outbreak

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