Artificial muscles from bilayer structures

Otero, Toribio F.; Rodríguez, Javier; Angulo, E.; Santamaría, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(93)90502-n

Cited by 182 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…PPy has not only been used as the active material in large actuators [40], but also been micro-fabricated [41][42][43][44][45], amongst others, to drive a microrobotic arm [46]. Being a polymer, PPy is intrinsically light-weight (about 1.5 g/cm 3 [47]), thus easing the task of achieving quasi-neutral buoyancy of the whole microrobot.…”

Section: Selection Of Active Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired bymetachronal wavesin ciliates: from biology to material specifications

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The quest for swimming microrobots originates from possible applications in medicine, especially involving navigation in bodily fluids. Swimming microorganisms have become a source of inspiration because their propulsion mechanisms are effective in the low-Reynolds number regime. In this study, we address a propulsion mechanism inspired by metachronal waves, i.e. the spontaneous coordination of cilia leading to the fast swimming of ciliates. We analyze the biological mechanism (referring to its particular embodiment in Paramecium caudatum), and we investigate the contribution of its main features to the swimming performance, through a three-dimensional finiteelements (FE) model, in order to develop a simplified, yet effective artificial design. We propose a bioinspired propulsion mechanism for a swimming microrobot based on a continuous cylindrical electroactive surface exhibiting perpendicular wave deformations travelling longitudinally along its main axis. The simplified propulsion mechanism is conceived specifically for microrobots that embed a micro-actuation system capable of executing the bioinspired propulsion (self-propelled microrobots). Among the available electroactive polymers (EAPs), we select Polypyrrole (PPy) as the possible actuation material and we assess it for this particular embodiment. The results are used to appoint target performance specifications for the development of improved or new electroactive materials to attain metachronal-waves-like propulsion.Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired by metachronal waves 2

show abstract

Section: Selection Of Active Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired bymetachronal wavesin ciliates: from biology to material specifications

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The behaviour of the bilayer was studied in solutions of acetonitrile/LiClO 4 , propylene carbonate/LiClO 4 and water/LiClO 4 [68][69]. The greater molecular interaction between solvent and polymer was observed with water as solvent.…”

Section: Volume Changes In Conducting Conjugated Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This bilayer presented motions up to 180° in aqueous solution of LiClO 4 [67]. The behaviour of the bilayer was studied in solutions of acetonitrile/LiClO 4 , propylene carbonate/LiClO 4 and water/LiClO 4 [68][69].…”

Section: Volume Changes In Conducting Conjugated Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Cortés

Moreno

2003

E-Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural muscles have mechanical properties that conventional actuators do not possess. These natural machines show large strain, moderate stress, high efficiency and stability, fast response time, high power/weight ratio, long lifetime, etc. In the last years a great interest has arisen to develop materials that mimic natural mechanisms. Conducting polymers have an array of potential applications as artificial muscles since they are capable to produce a moderate displacement when submitted to an electrochemical reaction. This property has been used to fabricate actuator devices that imitate and even improve the performance of natural muscles. For example, conducting polymers show stresses 15 times higher than those generated by mammalian muscles, a high power/weight ratio and a high degree of compliance. However, there are also several responses that need improvement in the actuators based on conducting polymers. Strains are still c. 50% lower than in natural muscles. Most of this kind of actuators only work in liquid media. It is necessary to increase the response time and obtain more durable actuators with longer lifetime and higher stability. In spite of these disadvantages, the first actuators based on conducting polymers are being commercialized. This paper presents a brief summary of some of the actuators based on these polymers, focusing on their design, performance and actuation mechanism.

show abstract

“…1,2 Several groups have pursued this goal, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] leading to numerous studies of redox-induced volume change in conjugated polymers, to a large degree related to ion and solvent insertion/ deinsertion in the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Applications

1997

Water Treatment Unit Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Artificial muscles from bilayer structures

Cited by 182 publications

References 9 publications

Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired bymetachronal wavesin ciliates: from biology to material specifications

Propulsion of swimming microrobots inspired bymetachronal wavesin ciliates: from biology to material specifications

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Biological Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About