Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test

Ames, Bruce N.; McCann, Joyce; Yamasaki, Edith

doi:10.1016/0165-1161(75)90046-1

Cited by 7,192 publications

(2,063 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,996

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Rat S9 was the S9 fraction of a liver homogenate of male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old, 215-260 g body weights) treated with phenobarbital sodium and 5,6-benzoflavone. Hamster S9 was prepared in our laboratory by the method of Ames et al (17). Hamster S9 was the supernatant fraction obtained from the 9,000×g centrifugation of a liver homogenate of male Syrian hamsters (6 weeks old, 90-100 g body weights) treated with phenobarbital sodium and 5,6-benzoflavone.…”

Section: Preparation Of S9 MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

Yoshioka

Shimizu

Toyama

et al. 2007

Environ Health Prev Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: An increase in incidence of the illegal use of tablets containing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hydrochloride (MDMA) has recently become a widespread social problem. MDMA ingested orally reacts with nitrite in the stomach and is synthesized into N-nitroso-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (N-MDMA). The aim of this study is to investigate the genotoxic effects of MDMA and N-MDMA on the basis of the results of an in vitro micronucleus (MN) test and an in vitro chromosomal aberration (CA) test using a Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (CHL/IU).Methods: Tablets containing MDMA obtained from the Regional Bureau of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare were purified, and N-MDMA was synthesized from MDMA in our laboratory. To evaluate the effects of MDMA and N-MDMA, the MN test established by our laboratory and the CA test in accordance with the guidelines for toxicity studies of drugs recommended by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare were performed.Results: In the MN test, no increased frequency of MNs was not found for MDMA. On the other hand, an apparently increased frequency of MNs was observed for N-MDMA. In the CA test, no CA was found for MDMA, but CA was observed for N-MDMA apparently.Conclusion: N-MDMA genotoxicity was observed in the MN and CA tests. However, no MDMA genotoxicity was observed.

show abstract

Section: Preparation Of S9 MIXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

Yoshioka

Shimizu

Toyama

et al. 2007

Environ Health Prev Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1. CP-PAHs 1-4, dihydro 5-8 and the epoxide derivatives 9-12 assayed for mutagenicity (Ames-assay, S. typhimurium strain TA98 ± S9-mix 2%, v/v) [31,32], as well as the corresponding possible monohydroxy-carbocation species obtained by epoxide-ring opening 9a-12a and 9b-12b. Their corresponding heats of formation ( H • f in kcal/mol) are calculated using the semi-empirical AM1 method [30] (see Section 2.4).…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacterial mutagenic response was determined with the histidine (His)-reversion assay (S. typhimurium strain TA98) according to the standard protocol by Ames and coworkers [30,31], both in the absence and in the presence of an exogenous metabolic activation system (±S9-mix). The S9-mix consisted of rat-liver microsome preparations (S9-fraction) obtained from Aroclor-1254-treated male Wistar rats and NADPH-generating co-factors using the standard procedures [31,32].…”

Section: Bacterial Mutagenicity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S9-mix consisted of rat-liver microsome preparations (S9-fraction) obtained from Aroclor-1254-treated male Wistar rats and NADPH-generating co-factors using the standard procedures [31,32]. The total protein content and the activity of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme P450-1A were determined to be 29.15 mg/ml (Lowry method) [33] and 51.58 pmol/ml/min/mg protein (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) method) [34], respectively.…”

Section: Bacterial Mutagenicity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CP-arene oxides: the ultimate, active mutagenic forms of cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs)

Otero-Lobato

Kaats-Richters

Koper

et al. 2005

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bacterial mutagenic response (Ames-assay, Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 ± S9-mix) of a series of monocyclopentafused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs) identified in combustion exhausts, viz. cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (1), acephenanthrylene (2), aceanthrylene (3) and cyclopenta[hi]chrysene (4), is re-evaluated. The mutagenic effects are compared with those exerted by the corresponding partially hydrogenated derivatives, 3,4-dihydrocyclopenta[cd]pyrene (5), 4,5-dihydroacephenanthrylene (6), 1,2-dihydroaceanthrylene (7) and 4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[hi]chrysene (8). It is shown that the olefinic bond of the externally fused five-membered ring of 1, 3 and 4 is of importance for a positive mutagenic response. In contrast, whilst CP-PAH 2 is found inactive, its dihydro analogue (6) shows a weak metabolism-dependent response. The importance of epoxide formation at the external olefinic bond in the five-membered ring is substantiated by the bacterial mutagenic response of independently synthesized cyclopenta[cd]pyrene-3,4-epoxide (9), acephenanthrylene-4,5-epoxide (10), aceanthrylene-1,2-epoxide (11) and cyclopenta[hi]chrysene-4,5-epoxide (12). Their role as ultimate, active mutagenic forms, when CP-PAHs 1, 3 and 4 exhibit a positive mutagenic response, is confirmed. Semi-empirical Austin Model 1 (AM1) calculations on the formation of the CP-arene oxides (9-12) and their conversion into the monohydroxy-carbocations (9a-12a and 9b-12b) via epoxide-ring opening support our results. For 2 and 4, which also possess a bay-region besides an annelated cyclopenta moiety, the calculations rationalize that epoxidation at the olefinic bond of the cyclopenta moiety is favoured.

show abstract

“…Likewise it exhibits mutagenic properties [6] and some antitumor activity against the L1210 leukemia of mice [7]. These biological effects could be related to the biological transformation of the amino groups into electrophilic species as nitrenium cation of nitroxyl radical known to bind covalently to DNA [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical structure of ethidium bromide metabolites extracted from rat bile

et al. 1981

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test

Cited by 7,192 publications

References 13 publications

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

Geonotoxicity study of illegal drug MDMA and its nitroso derivative N-MDMA by micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests using Chinese hamsger lung fibroblast cell line

CP-arene oxides: the ultimate, active mutagenic forms of cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CP-PAHs)

Chemical structure of ethidium bromide metabolites extracted from rat bile

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About