Determination of phenoxyalkanoic acids and other acidic herbicides at the low ppt level in water applying solid-phase extraction with RP-C18 materi

Butz, S.; Heberer, Th.; Stan, Hans‐Jürgen

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(94)80545-8

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Another official method reported in Germany uses LC/MS/MS to get an LOD of 10 ppb (http://www.bfr.bund.de/cd/5832) [23]. Other non-official GC methods reported LOD values varying from 0.01 to 1 ppb [16,17]. Because derivatization and subsequent cleanup were required for clopyralid trace analysis by GC, LC is deemed more suited due to simplicity in sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1990s, with the need to analyze polar pesticides and the advancement of LC column technology, LC gained more attention [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] because it avoided the chemical derivatization, which was otherwise required in GC. In the same period, GC with MS detection attained popularity because it not only demonstrated a lower limit of detection (LOD) particularly with selective ion monitoring mode as compared with electron capture detection, but more importantly, it also provided reliable identification to minimize false positives in pesticide residue screening [15][16][17]. The overall trend for pesticide analysis at present shifts towards the hyphenation of MS with either LC or GC [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] where in most cases, LC/tandem MS outperformed GC/MS in sensitivity, applicability and ease of sample preparation [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing concentration and mass sensitivities for liquid chromatography trace analysis of clopyralid in drinking water

Meldrum

McCabe

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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A theoretical treatment was developed and validated that relates analyte concentration and mass sensitivities to injection volume, retention factor, particle diameter, column length, column inner diameter and detection wavelength in liquid chromatography, and sample volume and extracted volume in solid-phase extraction (SPE). The principles were applied to improve sensitivity for trace analysis of clopyralid in drinking water. It was demonstrated that a concentration limit of detection of 0.02 ppb (μg/L) for clopyralid could be achieved with the use of simple UV detection and 100 mL of a spiked drinking water sample. This enabled reliable quantitation of clopyralid at the targeted 0.1 ppb level. Using a buffered solution as the elution solvent (potassium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, containing 10% of methanol) in the SPE procedures was found superior to using 100% methanol, as it provided better extraction recovery (70-90%) and precision (5% for a concentration at 0.1 ppb level). In addition, the eluted sample was in a weaker solvent than the mobile phase, permitting the direct injection of the extracted sample, which enabled a faster cycle time of the overall analysis. Excluding the preparation of calibration standards, the analysis of a single sample, including acidification, extraction, elution and LC run, could be completed in 1 h. The method was used successfully for the determination of clopyralid in over 200 clopyralid monoethanolamine-fortified drinking water samples, which were treated with various water treatment resins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing concentration and mass sensitivities for liquid chromatography trace analysis of clopyralid in drinking water

Meldrum

McCabe

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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“…The matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique with slight modification was employed for the cleanup of samples. This technique is suitable for the clean-up of homogeneously dispersed samples and can be applied to GC or GC/MS analysis [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. After extraction, the samples were injected into the automated online GPC-GC/MS system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of automated online gel permeation chromatography–gas chromatograph mass spectrometry for measuring multiresidual pesticides in agricultural products

Liu

Hashi

Qin

et al. 2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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An automated online gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GPC-GC/MS) was developed for the rapid determination of residual pesticides in agricultural products. Pesticides were extracted from homogenized food samples with acetonitrile and decontaminated via the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique, using a primary secondary amine as sorbent prior to GPC-GC/MS analysis. A slightly modified preparation method and automated GPC step proved useful in minimizing matrix interference. To evaluate the performance of the system, 97 target pesticides were spiked at a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg into a range of food types, including potato, cabbage, carrot, apple, orange, cucumber, and rice. A low flow rate of 0.1 mL/min in GPC resulted in a 40-fold reduction in solvent consumption compared with conventional GPC column applications. The combination of MSPD technique and GPC-GC/MS for the analysis of the 97 pesticides can be accomplished within 90 min. Most pesticides were recovered in the range of 70-120%, with relative standard deviation generally less than 10%. The results demonstrate that the method can be successfully applied with acceptable recoveries to a broad range of target pesticides within a diverse range of food types.

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“…Solid phase extraction has clearly dominated the analytical processes of extraction of phenoxy herbicides from water or other complex matrices, particularly for liquid chromatography or gas chromatography separation and detection (Leon-Gonzalez 2000; Peruzzi et al, 2000;Lagana 1998;Walraevens et al, 2000;Pyrzynska et al, 2005;Geerdink et al, 1997;Wells and Yu 2000;Butz, et al, 1994;Di Corcia 1989;Li and Lee 2000;Font et al, 2007;Doble et al, 2007).…”

Section: Modern Extraction Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Hyphenated Spectrometric Techniques for the Environmental Forensic Assessment of Non-Traditional Pollutants and Degradates in the Greater Florida Everglades

Arroyo¹

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Determination of phenoxyalkanoic acids and other acidic herbicides at the low ppt level in water applying solid-phase extraction with RP-C18 materi

Cited by 46 publications

References 17 publications

Enhancing concentration and mass sensitivities for liquid chromatography trace analysis of clopyralid in drinking water

Enhancing concentration and mass sensitivities for liquid chromatography trace analysis of clopyralid in drinking water

Development of automated online gel permeation chromatography–gas chromatograph mass spectrometry for measuring multiresidual pesticides in agricultural products

The Use of Hyphenated Spectrometric Techniques for the Environmental Forensic Assessment of Non-Traditional Pollutants and Degradates in the Greater Florida Everglades

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