Leaf orientation of a cotton plant

Leaf Temperature and Transpiration of Field Grown Cotton and Soybean under Arid and Humid Conditions

“…In addition, leguminous crops including soybean would control leaf temperature by paraheliotropic leaf movement during midday (Hirata et al, 1983;Berg and Hsiao, 1986;Reed and Travis, 1987;!soda et al, 1993;!soda et al, 1994) . On the other hand, cotton leaves move diaheliotropically during the daytime, the movement increases leaf temperature (Lang, 1973;Miller, 1975).…”

Modeling of a Soybean Canopy Structure by the Approximation of a Leaflet into an Ellipsoid for Estimating Direct Solar Radiation Environment

“…manipulator (Lang, 1973), which can record the coordinates of points conveniently using a computer (PC286V, Epson ) and a data logger system (TR2731, Takeda Riken) . The manipulator used was economically manufactured by a local workshop (Fig.…”

“…Various methods of measuring the spatial positions of a leaf have been reported; Udagawa et al (1968) used the silhouette method for the measurement of a corn leaf position, Kawashima et al (I 969) measured the angle of a soybean leaflet inclination using an instrument equipped with a protractor, and Lang (1973) by the manipulator technique, which can determine a three-dimensional position of a given point in the space, for measuring the leaf orientation of a cotton plant. Shibayama et al ( 1989) also reported the instrument for measuring three -dimensional information of the crop canopy using a magnetic field sensor.…”

“…Second, the spatial position of each leaflet was determined by the manipulator technique (Lang, 1973). Third, the data obtained were applied to estimate the direct solar radiation environment in the soybean canopy by three dimensional mathematical calculation.…”

Summary of a Workshop on Plant Canopy Structure, 27-30 April 1981, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

“…West and Allen (1971) describe a theodolite survey technique for quantifying threedimensional canopy structure that utilizes two theodolites and basic triangulation principles. Lang (1973) used potentiometric measurements of angles to determine the space coordinates of selected points in a cotton canopy in order to assess its geometry. Like the inclined point quadrat technique, these approaches are capable of detailed canopy structure assessments, but they are exceedingly labor intensive.…”