“…The development of antifouling materials is of great interest for multiple biomedical and biotechnological applications, including medical implants, contact lenses, biosensors, drug delivery, and catheters . Surface coating and modification methods that utilize antifouling polymers include physical adsorption, layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), and reaction of the specific groups of polymers with the substrate . Polyhydrophilic polymers, including poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG), polysaccharides, and polyamides, and polyzwitterionic polymers, such as 2‐methacryloyloxylethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), have been employed in the development of bio‐antifouling substrates to reduce protein adsorption and biofilm formation .…”