Early life exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to synthetic pyrethroids and their metabolites: a comparison of phenotypic and behavioral indicators and gene expression involved in the HPT axis and innate immune system

Abstract

Ecotoxicological studies have revealed the association between synthetic pyrethroid (SP) exposure and aquatic toxicity in fish; however, research on the toxic effects of SP metabolites is still limited. In this study, the toxicity of two SPs (permethrin (PM) and β-cypermethrin (β-CP)) and their three metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic alcohol (PBCOH), 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (PBCHO), and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBCOOH)) towards zebrafish embryos and larvae was evaluated. Both SPs and their metabolites exhibited significant developmental toxicities, caused abnormal vascular development, and changed locomotor activities in larvae. The alteration of gene expression involved in the thyroid system and the innate immune system indicated that SPs and their three metabolites have the potency to induce thyroid disruption and trigger an immune response. The results from the present study suggest that SP metabolites could induce multiple toxic responses similar to parent compounds, and their toxicity should be considered for improving the understanding of environmental risks of SPs.

Exposure to permethrin or chlorpyrifos causes differential dose- and time-dependent behavioral effects at early larval stages of an endangered teleost species

“…1A , 2A , 4A ) reveal the hyperactive nature of the behavior. Decreases in total distance moved during stimulatory periods in response to permethrin exposure have been observed in other fish larvae ( Xu et al 2018 ). In our observations, only when paired with additional results including increased turning, meander, angular velocity, rotations, and anti-thigmotaxis does this lead to conclusions of bouts of twisting, away from the border area.…”

Pesticides With Potential Thyroid Hormone-Disrupting Effects: A Review of Recent Data

“…The study demonstrated that both PYRs and their metabolites exert effects on TH signaling, locomotor behavior and development of embryonic zebrafish. The observed thyroid disruption may play a role in the aberrant larval development (166). An additional factor that should be taken into consideration is that fish are vulnerable to changes in temperature attributable to global climate change and that the increase in temperature might exacerbate the effect of chemical exposure.…”

Composition and endocrine effects of water collected in the Kibale national park in Uganda

“…Inhibitors of TPO and DIO1/2 were shown to impair swim bladder inflation in zebrafish and the Fathead minnow (Nelson et al, 2016;Stinckens et al, 2016;Vergauwen et al, 2018), a key event which could be incorporated in an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework in combination with first-tier in chemico assays for determination of molecular initiating events (Stinckens et al, 2018). Coiling behaviour, another neurological-based endpoint, has been linked to thyroid receptor-β deficiency (Xu et al, 2018). In addition, endpoints included in a General Developmental Score (GDS) have been associated with developmental toxicity caused by thyroid disruptors, including abnormal iridophore pigmentation, beat and glide swimming and resorption of the yolk sac (Jomaa et al, 2014).…”