Dwarf 88, a novel putative esterase gene affecting architecture of rice plant

Gao, Zhenyu; Qian, Qian; Liu, Xiaohui; Yan, Mei; Feng, Qi; Liu, Jian; Han, Bin

doi:10.1007/s11103-009-9522-x

Cited by 143 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(37 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recent studies on a series of branching mutants, such as more axillary growth (max) of Arabidopsis [37][38][39][40], ramosus (rms) mutants of pea [41][42][43], decreased apical dominance (dad) mutants of petunia [44,45] and dwarf (d) mutants of rice [46][47][48][49][50][51], have revealed strigolactone as a second messenger of auxin action on the control of AM outgrowth [52,53]. Strigolactones, a group of terpenoid lactones that have been found in root exudates of diverse plant species, are synthesized from carotenoids in roots and transported acropetally or synthesized locally to repress the outgrowth of shoot branches [38,[54][55][56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BUD2 mutation affects plant architecture through altering cytokinin and auxin responses in Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ratio of auxin and cytokinin plays a crucial role in regulating aerial architecture by promoting or repressing axillary bud outgrowth. We have previously identified an Arabidopsis mutant bud2 that displays altered root and shoot architecture, which results from the loss-of-function of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 4 (SAMDC4). In this study, we demonstrate that BUD2 could be induced by auxin, and the induction is dependent on auxin signaling. The mutation of BUD2 results in hyposensitivity to auxin and hypersensitivity to cytokinin, which is confirmed by callus induction assays. Our study suggests that polyamines may play their roles in regulating the plant architecture through affecting the homeostasis of cytokinins and sensitivities to auxin and cytokinin. IntroductionPolyamines, including diamine putrescine, triamine spermidine and tetraamine spermine, are low-molecularmass organic cations. They exist widely in all living organisms and are essential for their survival, because blocking of the biosynthesis of polyamines leads to lethal phenotypes in animals [1] and higher plants [2][3][4]. In higher plants, polyamines have been proposed to function in response to environmental stresses and in regulating growth and development [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Plant molecular and physiological studies over past decades have shown that higher plants defective in producing polyamines often have altered plant architecture, with reduced plant height or more branches in shoots and roots [4,[10][11][12][13]. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain largely elusive.Branches of higher plants originate from the axillary meristems (AMs) of shoots, and formation of a branch generally consists of the initiation of a new AM and its subsequent outgrowth. However, an AM may arrest its growth under some conditions, forming a dormant bud. The dormant buds will release their outgrowth once they sense a permissible environmental or developmental signal. In many plant species, axillary buds become dormant due to the inhibiting effects of the primary shoot apex on the outgrowth of AMs, a phenomenon known as 'apical dominance'. Auxin was first regarded as a direct regulator in this process [14], a notion strengthened thereafter by physiological studies on decapitated shoot apices [15][16][17], and by analyzing auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] in plants. However, when radiolabelled auxin was applied to a decapitated stump, the outgrowth of axillary buds was inhibited even though radiolabelled auxin was not found to accumulate in axillary buds, suggesting an indirect suppression effect of auxin on the AM outgrowth [28,30] and the presence of second messengers.Cytokinin has been proposed as a second messenger that mediates the action of auxin in controlling the apical dominance, because it promotes the outgrowth of lateral buds when directly applied to buds [31]. Although an antagonistic role of auxin and cytokinin in the regulation of apical dominance has been postu...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BUD2 mutation affects plant architecture through altering cytokinin and auxin responses in Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…D14 genes encode a/b-hydrolase family proteins [13][14][15][16] and their mutants exhibit a highly branched phenotype and are insensitive to SLs [13][14] . The d3/max2/rms4 mutants are also SL insensitive 1,2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanism of strigolactone perception by DWARF14

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strigolactones (SLs) are phytohormones that inhibit shoot branching and function in the rhizospheric communication with symbiotic fungi and parasitic weeds. An a/b-hydrolase protein, DWARF14 (D14), has been recognized to be an essential component of plant SL signalling, although its precise function remains unknown. Here we present the SL-dependent interaction of D14 with a gibberellin signalling repressor SLR1 and a possible mechanism of phytohormone perception in D14-mediated SL signalling. D14 functions as a cleavage enzyme of SLs, and the cleavage reaction induces the interaction with SLR1. The crystal structure of D14 shows that 5-hydroxy-3-methylbutenolide (D-OH), which is a reaction product of SLs, is trapped in the catalytic cavity of D14 to form an altered surface. The D14 residues recognizing D-OH are critical for the SL-dependent D14 À SLR1 interaction. These results provide new insight into crosstalk between gibberellin and SL signalling pathways.

show abstract

“…MAX3/RMS5/D17/DAD3 and MAX4/RMS1/D10/DAD1 encode the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 (CCD7) and CCD8, leading to the formation of carlactone, which is catalyzed further by MAX1/OsMAX1 to yield SL compounds (12,15,16). For the SL signaling components, MAX2/RMS4/D3 encodes an F-box protein participating in SL perception (17-19), D14/DAD2 encodes a protein of the α/β-fold hydrolase superfamily, a proposed SL receptor (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), and D53 encodes a Clp protease family protein as a repressor (26,27). Recently, SLs also have been found to be involved in regulating stem secondary growth, leaf sentences, seed germination, root development, and abiotic stress responses (28,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strigolactones regulate rice tiller angle by attenuating shoot gravitropism through inhibiting auxin biosynthesis

Sang

Chen

Liu

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tiller angle, a key agronomic trait for achieving ideal plant architecture and increasing grain yield, is regulated mainly by shoot gravitropism. Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of newly identified plant hormones that are essential for shoot branching/ rice tillering and have further biological functions as yet undetermined. Through screening for suppressors of lazy1 (sols), a classic rice mutant exhibiting large tiller angle and defective shoot gravitropism, we identified multiple SOLS that are involved in the SL biosynthetic or signaling pathway. We show that SL biosynthetic or signaling mutants can rescue the spreading phenotype of lazy1 (la1) and that SLs can inhibit auxin biosynthesis and attenuate rice shoot gravitropism, mainly by decreasing the local indoleacetic acid content. Although both SLs and LA1 are negative regulators of polar auxin transport, SLs do not alter the lateral auxin transport of shoot base, unlike LA1, which is a positive regulator of lateral auxin transport in rice. Genetic evidence demonstrates that SLs and LA1 participate in regulating shoot gravitropism and tiller angle in distinct genetic pathways. In addition, the SL-mediated shoot gravitropism is conserved in Arabidopsis. Our results disclose a new role of SLs and shed light on a previously unidentified mechanism underlying shoot gravitropism. Our study indicates that SLs could be considered as an important tool to achieve ideal plant architecture in the future. P lant shoot gravitropism is a process in which plants perceive gravity stimuli and reorient the direction of growth during the plant growth and development. Gravitropism is a dynamic process, including the perception of gravity, transduction of the corresponding information into a biochemical signal, transmission of the biochemical signal to a response site, and organ curvature (1). Genetic studies have disclosed that shoot endodermal cells act as statocytes for shoot gravitropism (2). Amyloplast sedimentation transduces the gravitropic signal and leads to auxin redistribution, resulting in a higher auxin level on the lower side than on the upper side (1, 3). Although auxin redistribution upon gravistimulation plays an important role in shoot gravitropism, the mechanism by which auxin regulates shoot gravitropism is not yet understood.In rice the tiller angle, which is defined as the angle between the tiller and main culm, plays a key role in determining rice plant architecture and thus grain yield (4). Several genes controlling the tiller angle have been identified previously in rice, including LAZY1 (LA1), TILLER ANGLE CONTROL1 (TAC1), PROSTRATE GROWTH1 (PROG1), and LOOSE PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 (LPA1) (5-9). Among these genes, LA1 and LPA1 are reported to regulate tiller angle through shoot gravitropism. In the la1 mutant, the polar auxin transport (PAT) is enhanced, and the lateral auxin transport is decreased, resulting in a disturbance of auxin asymmetric distribution in the shoot base and therefore the tiller-spreading phenotype of rice plants (5).Strigolactones (S...

show abstract

Dwarf 88, a novel putative esterase gene affecting architecture of rice plant

Cited by 143 publications

References 32 publications

The BUD2 mutation affects plant architecture through altering cytokinin and auxin responses in Arabidopsis

The BUD2 mutation affects plant architecture through altering cytokinin and auxin responses in Arabidopsis

Molecular mechanism of strigolactone perception by DWARF14

Strigolactones regulate rice tiller angle by attenuating shoot gravitropism through inhibiting auxin biosynthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About