A Method to Pre-Screen Rat Mammary Gland Whole-Mounts Prior To RNAscope

Duderstadt, Emily L; Sanders, Mary Ann; Samuelson, David J.

doi:10.1007/s10911-021-09484-5

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the time being, target tissues such as the mammary gland are not routinely collected in regulatory in vivo short-term or reproductive studies, although the case to do so has been proposed [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], and as of April 2022, a feasibility project to examine how to assess mammary glands, is now on the OECD Test Guideline Programme workplan. An analysis of the intra-tumour genetic alteration in 21 breast cancers by Nik Zainal et al identified the variety of changes such as MYC, ERBB2 or CCND1 amplification [ 50 ].…”

Section: Transcriptomic Assays and Gene Panels To Identify Key Cell S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Transcriptomics Cell Signalling for Pre-Screening Applications in the Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens

Oku

Madia

Lau

et al. 2022

IJMS

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With recent rapid advancement of methodological tools, mechanistic understanding of biological processes leading to carcinogenesis is expanding. New approach methodologies such as transcriptomics can inform on non-genotoxic mechanisms of chemical carcinogens and can be developed for regulatory applications. The Organisation for the Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) expert group developing an Integrated Approach to the Testing and Assessment (IATA) of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens (NGTxC) is reviewing the possible assays to be integrated therein. In this context, we review the application of transcriptomics approaches suitable for pre-screening gene expression changes associated with phenotypic alterations that underlie the carcinogenic processes for subsequent prioritisation of downstream test methods appropriate to specific key events of non-genotoxic carcinogenesis. Using case studies, we evaluate the potential of gene expression analyses especially in relation to breast cancer, to identify the most relevant approaches that could be utilised as (pre-) screening tools, for example Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We also consider how to address the challenges to integrate gene panels and transcriptomic assays into the IATA, highlighting the pivotal omics markers identified for assay measurement in the IATA key events of inflammation, immune response, mitogenic signalling and cell injury.

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Section: Transcriptomic Assays and Gene Panels To Identify Key Cell S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Transcriptomics Cell Signalling for Pre-Screening Applications in the Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens

Oku

Madia

Lau

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…These provide superior information to assess stromal changes and epithelial hyperplasia compared to the more typical transverse cross-section of tissue on skin [ 206 ]. Additionally, recent work [ 207 ] has demonstrated the utility of sectioned rat MG whole mounts for use in RNAScope evaluation; stromal density and stromal-specific genes could be quantified using this approach to better understand chemical effects.…”

Section: Mammary Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities

Kay

Cardona²,

Rudel³

et al. 2022

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.

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“…The RNAscope technology, as an improvement of the RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) method, is a quantitative in situ gene expression measurement technology [38]. RNAscope detects cell-targeted RNA-specific signals, as well as partially degraded RNA [39].…”

Section: Rnascopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, RNAscope technology can be used for specific cells or tissues. Recently, most of RNAscope research is focused on cancer diagnosis and treatment [39].…”

Section: Rnascopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ZZ pair of the complementary regions are designed to hybridize to the target RNA. When hybridized to the target RNA, a sequence which is complementary to the preamp sequence will be formed by each ZZ pair, allowing simultaneous background suppression and signal amplification [39]. It also enables single-molecule visualization, preventing signal amplification at non-specific sites, allowing detection of single molecules under standard fluorescence or bright-field microscopy.…”

Section: Comparison and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Blood and Intracranial Molecular Biomarkers to Moderate Depression and Major Depressive Disorder

Zhong¹

2022

HSET

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Depression, especially moderate depression and MDD, brings huge pressure and loss to patients and society through a series of symptoms. However, the current diagnosis of depression is short of objective, quantifiable, and absolute detection techniques. If we can find specific depression molecular biomarkers and high-sensitivity and high-accuracy molecular biomarker detection technology, it can help patients with depression to diagnose and predict earlier. In this paper, the heterogeneous biomolecules of depression are classified into intracranial markers and blood markers, and the biomolecules with representative value are listed. Meanwhile, it analyzes and compares the current popular biological detection technologies, IHC and RNAscope. If the heterogeneous depression biomarkers can be detected by the combination of IHC and RNAscope technology, the accuracy and timeliness of depression diagnosis will be greatly improved, and lay the groundwork for better depression treatments in the future.

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A Method to Pre-Screen Rat Mammary Gland Whole-Mounts Prior To RNAscope

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Analyses of Transcriptomics Cell Signalling for Pre-Screening Applications in the Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens

Analyses of Transcriptomics Cell Signalling for Pre-Screening Applications in the Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens

Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities

Recent Blood and Intracranial Molecular Biomarkers to Moderate Depression and Major Depressive Disorder

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