Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications

Verbeken, Dirk; Dierckx, Stephan; Dewettinck, Koen

doi:10.1007/s00253-003-1354-z

Cited by 512 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…secreted when plant cells are wounded and stressed (Verbeken et al, 2003). It is likely that the plasma membrane-localized RePRPs interact with AG in cell walls, affect the wall properties, and thus lead to the suppression of cell elongation.…”

Section: Reprps Are Involved In the Regulation Of Cell Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic Acid- and Stress-Induced Highly Proline-Rich Glycoproteins Regulate Root Growth in Rice

Tseng

Hong

et al. 2013

Plant Physiol.

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In the root of rice (Oryza sativa), abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, salinity, or water deficit stress induces the expression of a family of four genes, REPETITIVE PROLINE-RICH PROTEIN (RePRP). These genes encode two subclasses of novel proline-rich glycoproteins with highly repetitive PX 1 PX 2 motifs, RePRP1 and RePRP2. RePRP orthologs exist only in monocotyledonous plants, and their functions are virtually unknown. Rice RePRPs are heavily glycosylated with arabinose and glucose on multiple hydroxyproline residues. They are significantly different from arabinogalactan proteins that have glycan chains composed of arabinose and galactose. Transient and stable expressions of RePRP-green fluorescent protein reveal that a fraction of this protein is localized to the plasma membrane. In rice roots, ABA treatment increases RePRP expression preferentially in the elongation zone. Overexpression of RePRP in transgenic rice reduces root cell elongation in the absence of ABA, similar to the effect of ABA on wild-type roots. Conversely, simultaneous knockdown of the expression of RePRP1 and RePRP2 reduces the root sensitivity to ABA, indicating that RePRP proteins play an essential role in ABA/stress regulation of root growth and development. Moreover, rice RePRPs specifically interact with a polysaccharide, arabinogalactan, in a dosage-dependent manner. It is suggested that RePRP1 and RePRP2 are functionally redundant suppressors of root cell expansion and probably act through interactions with cell wall components near the plasma membrane.

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Section: Reprps Are Involved In the Regulation Of Cell Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic Acid- and Stress-Induced Highly Proline-Rich Glycoproteins Regulate Root Growth in Rice

Tseng

Hong

et al. 2013

Plant Physiol.

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“…40 Arabinogalactan proteins, a class of HRGPs, are also a major component in gum arabic, which is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in the food industry and is found in products like candies, gum, and beverages. 41 In addition to dietary sources, it is estimated that endogenous collagen turnover in humans releases ∼300 mg of Hyp daily. 42 Overall, both diet and endogenous collagen are candidate sources of Hyp for microbial metabolism in the human body (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic 4-hydroxyproline utilization: Discovery of a new glycyl radical enzyme in the human gut microbiome uncovers a widespread microbial metabolic activity

2018

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The discovery of enzymes responsible for previously unappreciated microbial metabolic pathways furthers our understanding of host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. We recently identified and characterized a new gut microbial glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) responsible for anaerobic metabolism of trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (Hyp). Hyp dehydratase (HypD) catalyzes the removal of water from Hyp to generate Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). This enzyme is encoded in the genomes of a diverse set of gut anaerobes and is prevalent and abundant in healthy human stool metagenomes. Here, we discuss the roles HypD may play in different microbial metabolic pathways as well as the potential implications of this activity for colonization resistance and pathogenesis within the human gut. Finally, we present evidence of anaerobic Hyp metabolism in sediments through enrichment culturing of Hyp-degrading bacteria, highlighting the wide distribution of this pathway in anoxic environments beyond the human gut.

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“…The equivalent weight of the deacetylated-soluble fraction was higher than that of the cold-water-soluble fraction. This indicates that only lower-molecular-weight molecules are able to dissolve in cold water, while deacetylation leads to the solubilisation of material of a higher molecular weight [78,97]. Gum kondagogu (KG) belongs to the species of Cochlospermum and family Bixaceae.…”

Section: Tree Gums -An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exudate gums are used in an overwhelming number of applications, especially in the food industry. However, there are also considerable non-food applications [78].…”

Section: Tree Gums -An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important tree exudate gums available on the market are gum arabic (GA), gum karaya (GK), gum tragacanth (GT), kondagogu gum (KG), and gum ghatti (GG). Extensive research has been carried out on various aspects of these tree gum polysaccharides, which includes their availability, molecular weight distribution, chemical structures, and food & non-food applications [77][78][79][80]. None of the three gums are produced in developed countries.…”

Section: Tree Gums -An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Synthesis: Nanoparticles and Nanofibres Based on Tree Gums for Environmental Applications

Padil

Černík

2016

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:The recent advances and potential applications of nanoparticles and nanofibres for energy, water, food, biotechnology, the environment, and medicine have immensely conversed. The present review describes a 'green' method for the synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles and 'green electrospinning' both using tree gums (arabic, tragacanth, karaya and kondagogu). Furthermore, this review focuses on the impending applications of both gum stabilized nanoparticles and functionalized membranes in remediation of toxic metals, radioactive effluents, and the adsorptive removal of nanoparticulates from aqueous environments as well as from industrial effluents. Besides, the antibacterial properties of gum derivatives, gum stabilized nanoparticles, and functionalized electrospun nanofibrous membranes will also be highlighted. The functionalities of nanofibrous membranes that can be enhanced by various plasma treatments (oxygen and methane, respectively) will also be emphasized.

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Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications

Cited by 512 publications

References 47 publications

Abscisic Acid- and Stress-Induced Highly Proline-Rich Glycoproteins Regulate Root Growth in Rice

Abscisic Acid- and Stress-Induced Highly Proline-Rich Glycoproteins Regulate Root Growth in Rice

Anaerobic 4-hydroxyproline utilization: Discovery of a new glycyl radical enzyme in the human gut microbiome uncovers a widespread microbial metabolic activity

Green Synthesis: Nanoparticles and Nanofibres Based on Tree Gums for Environmental Applications

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