Retained Primitive Reflexes and ADHD in Children

Konicarova, Jana; Bob, Petr

doi:10.1007/bf03379591

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the female group there was not observed any reactions of the reflex. Konicarova and Bob (2012) in their study, where they examined persistence of the primitive reflexes in 20 children with ADHD and 20 children in control group, determinate that there is significantly greater retention of the Moro reflex and spinal gallant reflex in children with ADHD, categorized according the DSM10 (hyperactive behaviour). In the table 2 we can notice a gradual decrease in the number of children with the asymmetric tonic neck reflex retained.…”

Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated problems in children

Canevska¹

2019

godzbo

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During the development of the fetus a series of reflexes called primitive reflexes are formed which are involuntary, stereotyped, first and dominant forms of movements during intrauterine life and the first year after birth. Reflexes are of great importance for survival and development, caused by external stimuli and controlled by the brainstem and nervous system, such as messages that are quickly transmitted from the brainstem to the muscles to perform a specific function. At the beginning they are necessary for the nutrition, survival, protection of the new-born, and later in life they are important for the process of learning, communication, emotions, motivation. In typical development, primary reflexes are naturally inhibited in particular order during the first year; they are displaced by substitutional reflexes called postural reflexes. Postural reflexes are more mature models of motor responses that coordinate balance, coordination and senso-motor development. Retained primitive reflexes can cause developmental delays that are associated with disorders such as ADHD, autism, learning difficulties, cerebral palsy, dyslexia, dystonia, behaviour disorders and sensory processing disorders.Routine testing of primitive reflexes helps determine the causes of disharmonic development, behavioural problems or learning difficulties, and the use of the reflex integration methods leads to a significant improvement of the condition.

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Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated problems in children

Canevska¹

2019

godzbo

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“…Disinhibitory processes related to disturbed motor functions are probably also linked to persisting primitive reflexes that were not sufficiently suppressed in later stages of development. According to some evidence, persisting primitive reflexes may occur in various neuropsychiatric syndromes such as schizophrenia or various forms of dementia5,6,20,23 and have also been observed in patients with dyslexia11,24 and in school-aged children with ADHD12,13,25,26 In our previous study on medicated ADHD children,13 we found that boys had higher levels of ADHD symptoms and that there was little statistically significant difference in persisting primitive ATNR between girls and boys. Moreover, studies that have focused on persistent ATNR in dyslexia11,24 have not reported differences between girls and boys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persisting primitive reflexes in medication-naïve girls with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Konicarova¹,

Bob²,

Raboch³

2013

NDT

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Background and objectivesRecent and historical findings suggest that later-developed functions during brain ontogenesis related to higher levels of cognitive and motor integration tend to replace the older, more primitive, ones, and the persistence of the older functions may be linked to specific neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, there is growing evidence to suggest that persisting primitive reflexes may be related to developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Preliminary data also suggest that persisting primitive reflexes may be specifically linked to attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsIn the study reported here, we tested to what extent the persisting primitive asymmetric tonic neck reflex and symmetric tonic neck reflex are related to ADHD symptoms measured by Conners’ Parent Questionnaire in 35 medication-naïve girls of school age (8–11 years) with ADHD. The results were compared with those of a control group of 30 girls of the same age.ResultsThis study showed that persisting primitive reflexes are closely linked to ADHD symptoms.ConclusionThe data suggest that ADHD symptoms may be linked to more primitive neural mechanisms interfering with higher brain functions due to insufficiently developed cognitive and motor integration.

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“…Positive signs are: abductions of arms, falling back, inhaling, or crying when losing the center of gravity. Note that any arm movements or loss of balance as a result of putting the head in extension indicate a positive test (78,79).…”

Section: Measurement Of Primitive Reflexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can high-intensity interval/circuit training improve the cognitive function and quality of life of patients in recovery from substance use disorder?

Andreassen¹

2019

http://isrctn.com/

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This protocol aims to examine if structured physical activity reduces the recovery time of cognitive functioning during the early phase of substance use disorder treatment. Addiction or substance dependence is associated with neurobiological changes and cognitive impairment, which may affect the quality of life and ability to benefit from therapy up to a year after clinical detox. A physical exercise is a therapeutic approach which may lead to increased quality of life as well as relief of symptoms associated with substance abuse, such as psychosis, depression, and anxiety, due to its biological, psychological and social effects. There is a dearth of research on physical activity or exercise in clinical substance use disorders patients. This clinical study protocol examines cognitive recovery after substance abuse using physical exercise as a treatment intervention. This study is using quasiexperimental longitudinal clinical trial with pretest and multiple posttests, on two-time sequential groups that are naturally randomized before group entry. Patients are continuously recruited into the study groups. Starting with a controlled group and finalizing it and sequentially followed with a new group with intervention. Sixty patients are divided into control and intervention group. Patients are enrolled two weeks after the start of detoxification, at which time all subjects are inpatients at the Salvation Army treatment Center Stavanger in the Norwegian specialized healthcare system. Cognition is evaluated using a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests, including several tests of executive functioning. Physical fitness is tested with Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test, 30 Second Chair Stand Test. Also, the 1-minute Burpee test and the presence of primitive reflexes tested at baseline within the first two weeks of admittance and after four weeks. The intervention consists of 30 minutes' workout, at 70-90% of max heart rate (134-170 bpm), recorded by a Polar heart rate monitor. The adjunct treatment is four times a week for four weeks of highintensity training using circuit training (HICT), as well as HIIT functional movement and primitive reflex training. After the intervention protocol, an improvement is anticipated in both groups, with the exercise intervention group having the most considerable increase in return towards normalizing cognitive functioning due to having combined functional full body movements with primitive reflex training in an intensity interval training setting.

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Retained Primitive Reflexes and ADHD in Children

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated problems in children

Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated problems in children

Persisting primitive reflexes in medication-naïve girls with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Can high-intensity interval/circuit training improve the cognitive function and quality of life of patients in recovery from substance use disorder?

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Retained Primitive Reflexes and ADHD in Children

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated problems in children

Persistence of primitive reflexes and associated problems in children

Persisting primitive reflexes in medication-na&iuml;ve girls with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Can high-intensity interval/circuit training improve the cognitive function and quality of life of patients in recovery from substance use disorder?

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Persisting primitive reflexes in medication-naïve girls with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder