Use and fate of pesticides in the Amazon State, Brazil

Waichman, Andréa Viviana; Römbke, Jörg; Ribeiro, Maria Olívia A; Nina, Nailson C S

doi:10.1007/bf02987596

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Its use has been banned or restricted in 23 countries and its import is illegal in a total of 50 countries (PAN 2009). Despite the high toxicity of this compound, several studies have shown that parathion-methyl is intensively used among fruit and vegetable producers in floodplain areas of the Brazilian Amazon (Waichman et al 2002, 2007). Amazonian farmers use higher application rates, more applications per production cycle, and shorter intervals between applications than recommended by the producing companies and the Brazilian Pesticides Law (Law 7.802/89).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Parathion-Methyl on Amazonian Fish and Freshwater Invertebrates: A Comparison of Sensitivity with Temperate Data

Rico

Geber-Corrêa

Campos

et al. 2009

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Parathion-methyl is an organophosphorous insecticide that is widely used in agricultural production sites in the Amazon. The use of this pesticide might pose a potential risk for the biodiversity and abundance of fish and invertebrate species inhabiting aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the agricultural fields. Due to a lack of toxicity data for Amazonian species, safe environmental concentrations used to predict the ecological risks of parathion-methyl in the Amazon are based on tests performed with temperate species, although it is unknown whether the sensitivity of temperate species is representative for those of Amazonian endemic species. To address this issue, the acute toxic effect (LC50–96 h) of parathion-methyl was assessed on seven fish and five freshwater invertebrate species endemic to the Amazon. These data were used to compare their pesticide sensitivity with toxicity data for temperate species collected from the literature. The interspecies sensitivity was compared using the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) concept. The results of this study suggest that Amazonian species are no more, or less, sensitive to parathion-methyl than their temperate counterparts, with LC50 values ranging from 2900 to 7270 μg/L for fish and from 0.3 to 319 μg/L for freshwater arthropods. Consequently, this evaluation supports the initial use of toxicity data of temperate fish and freshwater invertebrate species for assessing the effects of parathion-methyl on Amazonian freshwater ecosystems.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Parathion-Methyl on Amazonian Fish and Freshwater Invertebrates: A Comparison of Sensitivity with Temperate Data

Rico

Geber-Corrêa

Campos

et al. 2009

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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“…Similarly, no information could be found on the effects of adjuvants. In temperate regions, crop plants are often treated with several formulations of pesticides per season, while under tropical conditions more than 10 applications may occur within the same period (Waichman et al, 2002). Such realistic scenarios have never been investigated regarding their influence on enchytraeids.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Organic Pesticides on Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) in Agroecosystems: Laboratory and Higher-Tier Tests

Römbke

Schmelz

Pelosi

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida) are often considered to be typical forestliving organisms, but they are regularly found in agroecosystems of the temperate regions of the world. Although less known than their larger relatives, the earthworms, these saprophagous organisms play similar roles in agricultural soils (but at a smaller scale), e.g., influencing soil structure and organic matter dynamics via microbial communities, and having a central place in soil food webs. Their diversity is rarely studied or often underestimated due to difficulties in distinguishing the species. New genetic techniques reveal that even in anthropogenically highly influenced soils, more than 10 species per site can be found. Because of their close contact with the soil pore water, a high ingestion rate and a thin cuticle, they often react very sensitively to a broad range of pesticides. Firstly we provide a short overview of the diversity and abundance of enchytraeid communities in agroecosystems. Afterwards, we explore the available data on enchytraeid sensitivity toward pesticides at different levels of biological organization, focusing on pesticides used in (mainly) European agroecosystems. Starting with non-standardized studies on the effects of pesticides on the sub-individual level, we compile the results of standard laboratory tests performed following OECD and ISO guidelines as well as those of higher-tier studies (i.e., semi-field and field tests). The number of comparable test data is still limited, because tests with enchytraeids are not a regulatory requirement in the European Union. While focusing on the effects of pesticides, attention is also given to their interactions with environmental stressors (e.g., climate change). In conclusion, we recommend to increase the use of enchytraeids in pesticide risk assessment because of their diversity and functional importance as well as their increasingly simplified use in (mostly standardized) tests at all levels of biological organization.

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“…They can accumulate significantly in tissues via the food chain and pose a severe threat to ecosystems and human health (De La Vega Salazar et al 1997;Fallah et al 2011;Waichman et al 2002). Due to wide industrial use ranging from the electroplating of metals for corrosion protection purposes to batteries and solders, cadmium (Cd) becomes a significant pollutant with high toxicity and solubility in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differential protein profile in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain under the joint exposure of methyl parathion and cadmium

Ling

Huang

2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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As different chemicals, methyl parathion (MP) and cadmium (Cd) can induce neurotoxicity on the brain of aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to explore the differential expression proteins in the brain induced by their joint stress and their joint effects, which are poorly reported, and devotes finding novel biomarkers for monitoring their contamination in water and assessing their neurological effects. The bioaccumulation of MP and Cd in tissues after 96 h of exposure was first analyzed by GC and inductively coupled plasma-MS to provide insights into the interaction. Protein profile changes in the brains of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to MP and Cd were further investigated using the proteomic approach. The correlation of gene expression on the transcription level of mRNA and the translation level of protein was examined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis. It showed that Cd and MP have an interaction on their bioaccumulation, which suggests that their joint effect over 96 h might be antagonistic. Proteomics revealed that 22 protein spots changed their expression levels under stress, of which 16 proteins were identified using MS. These proteins were involved in oxidation/reduction, metabolism, energy production, receptor activity, and cytoskeleton assembly. Among them, five proteins with a remarkable abundance change are significantly suggested to play important roles in the joint effect. This work demonstrates that there exists an interaction between MP and Cd toxicities, which may aid in our understanding of the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by joint stress. The results may also provide the possibility of the establishment of candidate biomarkers for monitoring MP and Cd contamination in water.

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Use and fate of pesticides in the Amazon State, Brazil

Cited by 45 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Parathion-Methyl on Amazonian Fish and Freshwater Invertebrates: A Comparison of Sensitivity with Temperate Data

Effect of Parathion-Methyl on Amazonian Fish and Freshwater Invertebrates: A Comparison of Sensitivity with Temperate Data

Effects of Organic Pesticides on Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) in Agroecosystems: Laboratory and Higher-Tier Tests

Differential protein profile in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain under the joint exposure of methyl parathion and cadmium

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