Gas chromatographic method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in human milk

Brevik, E.

doi:10.1007/bf01685799

Cited by 135 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Methods with modifications for extraction, clean up, separation and identification are described in previous publications (Brevik, 1978;Borgae t al., 2001a). In short, internal standards GmbH,Germany) The samples were analysed for PCB congeners -28, -31, -47, -52, -66, -74, -99, -101, -105, -110, -118, -128, -137, -138, -141, -149, -151, -153, -156, -157, -170, -180, -183, -187, -189, -194, -196, -199, -206, -209 (Ballschmiter and Zell, 1980).…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation

Borgå¹,

Wolkers²,

Skaare³

et al. 2005

Environmental Pollution

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Four seabird species and their prey (zooplankton or fish) were collected in the Barents Sea to determine how dietary exposure, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities and sex influenced their hepatic PCB concentrations and accumulation patterns. Five males and five females from each seabird species (little auk (Alle alle), Bru¨nnich's guillemot (Uria lomvia), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla)) were analysed. PCB concentrations could not be explained directly by carbon source (d 15 N, migratory pattern, age) and contaminant metabolism. Contrary to previous studies, the PCB pattern differed among seabirds, with a higher proportion of persistent congeners (% of PCB-153, R PCB-153 ) in black-legged kittiwake than in auks. The PCB pattern also differed among auks, with little auk as the most efficient biotransformer (highest R PCB-153 values of persistent congeners). Based on high R PCB-153 values, Bru¨nnich's guillemot poorly metabolised ortho-meta-unsubstituted congeners, whereas black guillemot poorly metabolised meta-para unsubstituted congeners. Species-specific differences in PCB biotransformation were confirmed by metabolic indices, where PCB patterns in seabirds were adjusted for PCB pattern in prey. The relative contribution of ortho-meta-unsubstituted congeners to P PCBs decreased with increasing EROD activity. There were no differences in PCB concentrations, PCB patterns or cytochrome P450 enzyme activities between males and females. CYP P450 activities (CYP1A-and CYP2B/3A-like: EROD and testosterone 6b-hydroxylation, respectively) were low and did not correlate with concentrations of non-or mono-ortho Cl-substituted PCBs (NO-and MO-PCBs), or with total toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs) for dioxin-like effects of NO-and MO-PCBs.

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Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation

Borgå¹,

Wolkers²,

Skaare³

et al. 2005

Environmental Pollution

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“…The basic methods used for extraction and sample clean-up are described in Brevik (1978) and Bernhoft and Skaare (1994), but modifications described in Andersen et al (2001) were also used in this study. The results of other OC pollutants in the same samples were reported in Andersen et al (2001).…”

Section: Determination Of Chbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Andersen

Føreid

Skaare

et al. 2006

Science of The Total Environment

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This study reports concentrations of three pesticide toxaphene congeners (CHBs; from the blubber of ten adult, male white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway. The CHB congeners that occurred at the highest levels in the blubber of the white whales were, as expected, CHB-26 (4636 F 1992 (SD) ng/g l.w.) and CHB-50 (6579 F 2214 ng/g l.w.); CHB-62 (232 F 231 ng/g l.w.) was also present, but at much lower concentrations. The mean level of the sum of the three CHBs (ACHBs = 11,447 F 4208 ng/g l.w.) in this study is more than twice the mean concentrations of the well-known organochlorine (OC) pollutants ADDTs (sum of ppV-DDT, ppV-DDE, ppV-DDD) and APCBs (sum of 27 PCB congeners) previously reported from the same individual white whales. The concentrations of CHBs in white whales from Svalbard are at the high end of the range for concentrations of these compounds compared to other Arctic white whale populations. Additionally, the contribution of CHBs to the overall OC burden is larger in white whales from Svalbard compared with their counterparts from other areas in the Arctic. Male white whales from Svalbard have several orders of magnitude higher concentrations of ACHBs compared to seals and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the same area. The high levels of CHBs in these whales, and their dominance in the OC pattern, suggests that white whales in Svalbard are exposed to high levels of this group of contaminants. Further studies are needed to investigate possible effects of CHBs and other OC contaminants on the white whale population in Svalbard. D 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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“…Samples of whole blood (about 8 g) were weighed, and an internal standard (CB-29 and CB-112) was added. The methods used for extraction (cyclohexane and acetone), clean-up (with sulphuric acid), and quantification (gas chromatographic) of the samples were first described by Brevik et al (1978), and modifications have been described by Andersen et al (2001). Percent extractable fat was determined gravimetrically.…”

Section: Analyses Of Organochlorinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Function and Organochlorine Pollutants in Arctic Breeding Glaucous Gulls

Bustnes

Hanssen

Folstad

et al. 2004

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Immune function and organochlorine pollutants in arctic breeding glaucous gullsBustnes, JO; Hanssen, SA; Folstad, I; Erikstad, KE; Hasselquist, Dennis; Skaare, JU General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. (PCB 101, 99, 118, 153, 138, 180, and 170). There were significant or near significant positive relationships (0.1 Ͼ p Ͼ 0.001) between most persistent OCs and the levels of heterophils in the blood for both sexes in 1997 and for male gulls in 2001. Similarly, levels of all persistent OCs and lymphocytes were positively related (0.1 Ͼ p Ͼ 0.001) in both sexes in 1997. This suggests that OCs are causing alterations to immune systems, which may decrease their efficiency and make the birds more susceptible to parasites and diseases. In female gulls, the antibody response to the diphtheria toxoid was significant and negative for HCB (p Ͻ0.01) and weaker, but significant, for oxychlordane (p Ͻ0.05), suggesting that OCs were causing an impairment of the humoral immunity. Various OCs have been linked to negative effects in our study population, including decreased survival and reproduction, and this study suggests that such compounds also affect immune status and function. Immune Function and Organochlorine Pollutants in Arctic Breeding Glaucous Gulls

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Gas chromatographic method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in human milk

Cited by 135 publications

References 3 publications

Bioaccumulation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation

Bioaccumulation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation

Levels of toxaphene congeners in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from Svalbard, Norway

Immune Function and Organochlorine Pollutants in Arctic Breeding Glaucous Gulls

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